Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986

Kid Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 BANDARI RAMESH Presentation A considerable lot of the nations are accepted youngsters are huge assets of their nation with regards to prosperity and advancement. As indicated by the famous individual Herbert Hoover, 31st leader of United States said that â€Å"children are our most significant resources†. Along these lines, administration of the every nation start numerous projects and laws for shielding youngsters from different conditions. I might want to investigate the theme about â€Å"Child work (restriction and guideline) act† in the time of 1986. Alongside why government investigate this demonstration and arrangements, what are the huge effects of youngster work by this demonstration? These would be clarified in the accompanying passages. Above all else, what are the purposes for reasons for youngster work, Child work is financial marvel. This marvel is caught in endless loop by neediness, absence of education, joblessness, segment extension, profound social preferences or more all the administration intrigue are regularly consider as the most unmistakable causative variables for huge scope business kids. It has been authoritatively begun that â€Å"child work no longer of financial misuse yet it required by monetary need of the guardians and numerous cases that of the chid himself†. Besides, there are a few causes which have neglected to look at kid work. Especially in India the reasons for disappointment are destitution, low compensation of the grown-up, joblessness, movement to urban zones, huge families, absence of resource pay and kids obliviousness by guardians these are motivating forces to the kids contains in the exercises. So as to handle this difficult government has started a few demonstrations before sanctioned this demonstration that are Trader Shipping Act, 1951 Mines Act, 1952 Engine Transport Workers Act, 1961 Beedi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966 Because of inappropriate usage of existing acts and the need media inclusion these demonstrations adequately not profited to youngsters. That is the reason; government has made move to diminish youngster work in the field of formal and casual segment. Around then act was come out that is kid work (disallowance and guideline) in the year 1986. Likewise, Indian constitution gives numerous arrangements to the youngster, denied kid work and it additionally notice the privileges of the kid. They are, Article 23: restriction of work kids from industrial facilities Article 39: certain standards of strategy to be trailed by express that are alluding to the safe of kids that the wellbeing and quality of laborers, people and the youthful period old enough youngsters are not mishandled and that residents are not constrained by monetary need to enter clearing and unsuited their age and quality. Article 45: arrangement for youth care and instruction to the kids beneath the age of six years. Article 21-A: right training the state will give free and obligatory instruction to all youngsters age of six to multi year. Despite the fact that, kids were abused by the processing plants and little scope businesses. Subsequently, the legislature of India established that was â€Å"child work (insurance and prohibition)† in the year 1986. This is a demonstration deny the association of kids in specific occupations of dangerous spots and to control the states of accomplishing work for the youngsters in certain different jobs of non perilous nature. Despite the fact that there are little enactment which disallow work of kids beneath 14 years and 15 years in certain predefined jobs yet there is no predetermined methodology set down in the enactment for choosing matters identifying with business, occupation are forms which necessities the preclusion kids work in that. Simultaneously there is no law for managing the working state of the kids in the vast majority of the jobs where work of kids isn't unequivocally precluded and the youngsters are working exploitative conditions. Hence the primary intensi on of this demonstration essentially, which is boycott the work of the youngsters underneath the age of 14 years in the predefined occupation and procedures to set down for methodology acquainting alteration with the timetable of restricted occupations or procedures every now and then at whatever point need emerges to direct the state of the youngsters in business where they are not denied works to endorse the upgraded punishments work for youngsters in the event that they are infringement by the businesses and the executives according to the youngster labour(prohibition and guideline) act 1986 the board of trustees tended to that is â€Å"child† implies an individual who has not finished 14 years of age the demonstration restrict work of kids in connecting with 18 occupations like, transport at travelers and merchandise or sends by railroad, work identifying with the at development and railroad works, foundries, handloom and force loom industry, mines and plastic processing plants, local houses and vehicle workshops and carports. Also, 65 procedure works for instance, beedi making, cover weaving, assembling of matches and hazardous or firecrackers too various businesses, plants, coal mineshafts, make industry over these set to some extent A, section B territories. With respect to works youngsters are precluded by this demonstration under the demonstration, â€Å"the kid work specialized warning committee† established to guidance the focal government with the end goal of increments of occupations and procedures in the calendar parts the demonstration controls the state of all work in all occupations and procedures The fundamental arrangements are, no youngster will be allowed to work in any foundation in overabundance of such number of hours, as might be endorsed for such class of foundation. The time of work every day will be fixed no an ideal opportunity to surpass three hours and that no youngster ought not work over 3 hours. Besides, every kid utilized in a foundation will be permitted in every week, an occasion or entire day, which day will be determined by the occupier In a notification, each occupier will keep up, in regard of youngsters utilized or allowed work in any foundation, register ought to be accessible for assessment by n auditor consistently during working hours or when work is being carried on there is propensity first, ought to be noted nm end date of birth of the each kid utilized to work, hours and times of work of any such kid on the time frames to which is entitled, the idea of work such kid, similar to that related data ought to be endorsed. Likewise, the administratio n made periodical structure for chid premise on wellbeing and security on the kids utilized too tended to least enhancements ought to be given by the proprietor at the working spots. At the point when the youngsters are working in risky spots it is found by somebody he has right to objection to the close to police headquarters. Likewise, results of youngster work, it is sway kids physical and mental development improvement too wellbeing sickness like, respiratory issue, skin infection, they will get impaired, bone cracked. These are lead to sick turn of events. Mediations Instruction is significant piece of the turn of events. Absence of tutoring and connecting family needs every day at that point, contemplates have discovered low enrolment and high kids work, schools are the stages for the early mediation against kid work. Youngster work can be constrained by monetary advancement expanding mindfulness and making instruction moderate over all levels, and implementation of all enemy of kid work laws. The administration of India has showed certain drive to control kid work began a program in 9 locale that is â€Å" NATIONAL CHILD Labor PROJECT (NCLP)† under the plans supports given to the region authority for running exceptional school for kid work also under this plan gives formal and non-formal training, professional instruction and burns through 100 rupees for every month. In one hand, how this demonstration impacts on youngsters life, fundamentally, in light of this demonstration government has exhausted this demonstration in 2008. Just as, two acts were came that are â€Å"the adolescent equity (care and security) in 2000, this demonstration made forestall the servitude kid work too if any one acquire the kids for local and industry works those people rebuffed by with respect to this demonstration. In the time of 2009, government has made represent instruction to the kid that is â€Å"Right to training (RTA)† by this demonstration free and necessary training to all youngsters between six to fourteen years. As per this demonstration government has tended to that 25 percent of seats ought to be distribute for the hindrances individuals. Besides, between the 1981 to 1991 national example study association directed 43rd round of overviews it’s pass on that the assessments the quantity of youngsters was to the tune of 17.30 millions. Accord ing to the 1991 evaluation, uncovered that the quantity of working youngsters in India was 11.28 million. This Number continuously diminishing in the next years. Since usage of work act by the enactment. The 1998 national enumeration of India assessed the all out number of youngster work to be at 12.6 million out of complete 250 million of kid populace. This check was decreased to 5 million in the year 2009. The 2011 national evaluation of India found that the national number of youngster work , matured five to fourteen to be 4.30 million out of the absolute 260 kid populace. By this count we have watched kid work was bit by bit decreasing because of youngster work goes about too another administration plans. For instance, in the â€Å"domestic households† before execution of act the youngsters are working in café and as a residential work in excess of 20 million than when the administration of extended the kid work denial and guideline act and restricted the kids from local fills in as aftereffect of, according to the 2011 enumeration, under 0.1 million kids are locked in as a k id works. What's more, impact of this youngster

Kristin Christoffersen Essays - Carol Dweck, Psychology, Mindset

Kristin Christoffersen August 15,17 English II Honors/Pd.1 Martz, B. A development mentality is misunderstanding something or committing a little error, tolerating rout, utilizing that as an opportunity to grow their insight, and attempting new things to propel themselves. A fixed attitude is recognizing what one may or may not be able to. Somebody with a fixed attitude never propels themselves in dread of committing an error. At the point when one commits an error, they surrender and return to what is as of now realized that they can prevail at. Regularly, a fixed attitude is the thing that individuals want to have on the grounds that they don't care to step out of their customary range of familiarity. Regularly, individuals see a development mentality as precarious and a dread of the obscure prompts dread of disappointment. The vast majority think they have a fixed mentality, be that as it may, just about 40% of the US populace have this point of view. Some don't understand they have a development outlook until interrogated regarding it. When given a test somebody with a fixed outlook would basically calm themselves down while an individual with a development mentality would attempt to raise themselves up. Take singing for instance, A few people are destined to sing-I'm not one of them, that is a prime case of something a fixed attitude individual would state. Somebody with a development mentality would state, I didn't begin with any singing ability I'd need to learn everything. Another model would be when managing a contention, When we're contending, I feel like you don't hear me out, this is something a fixed attitude individual would state. A development outlook individual, be that as it may, would basically say In past contentions, I've felt like you didn't hear me out. Although a few people accept there is certifiably not a major contrast, it all fair relies upon what one looks like at it. References: http://malcolmocean.com/2014/07/development outlook reframing/ www.learning-knowledge.com/self-theories.html

Free Software vs. Piracy essays

Free Software versus Theft expositions There is a split, a break in all things, that is the manner by which the light gets in (Fravia +). There are numerous kinds of projects to download off the Internet; for each sort of program, there are various programming titles. For instance, say you need an element rich word preparing program however don't know what kind to get. A hunt on the well known download webpage Cnet.com for word processor will discover at any rate fifty projects, for example, Star, AbiWord and Atlantis, among others. Out of the considerable number of projects recorded, 66% fit the models wanted; they are additionally the ones that cost a lot of cash. In the previous two years, I have educated, through perusing data gave on different newsgroups and sites, the intricate details of getting programming at no expense. I won't just disclose how to discover, introduce and save any program for nothing, I will endeavor to legitimize why it ought not be a wrongdoing to do what numerous individuals may characterize as robbery. I need to start by expressing that while a significant number of the articulations utilized in this paper will be characterized, it will be accepted the greater part of the normal terms (i.e., document, download, sequential number, secret key, and so on.) won't should be clarified. There are numerous reasons why I lean toward not to pay for programming. One little yet significant one is that I dont have the cash to purchase overrated programs. In any case, Ill get into that increasingly somewhat later. Lets start by making sense of what to do first. For instance, maybe you are attempting to discover some data on the web for an examination paper however are making some enthusiastically memories attempting to sift through the entirety of the data. You recollect a companion referencing a program that will access more than 1000 web indexes and slender the outcomes down to the most applicable. You realize the projects name is Copernic, so you go to a download website, for example, Cnet or ZDnet, and put in a quest for it. Subsequent to perusing the subtleties, you understand that you need it, with the exception of it cost ... <!

Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening - Free Essay Example

When winter arrives in the year, with it brings a pause in movement. The growth of plants and vegetation is interrupted and concealed by layers of fluffy white. Everything is frozen in time and place when winter succeeds fall. An appropriate choice for Robert Frosts poem, the setting of winter appears to have the same effect on the narrator as it would on the plants and trees around him. The most prominent action the narrator does in the poem is pause in mid journey and ponder the question regarding the value of life. In Robert Frosts poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening the narrator conveys a theme of suicidal intent through the use of metaphors and imagery. The first verse of Frosts poem establishes a setting that is significant in conveying the narrators mental state: Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. (1-4) In the second and third line where the narrator says, His house is in the village though; /He will not see me stopping here, the narrator promptly makes known to the reader that he is not in the village. The narrator is clearly a separate entity from the village in both a physical and emotional sense. He stops in a place where he knows he will not be seen by the villager whom he has journeyed across an unknown distance to meet. The narrator is hiding from the villager and society and one rarely hides without something to hide from. The first verse of the poem induces significant pondering which is a repeated theme throughout the poem. With the first verse gathering the readers attention and kindling inquiry, the second verse goes on to reveal underlying layers within the narrator: My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. (5-8) Prior belief of the narrator existing in the woods alone is disproven through the addition of another character, the narrators horse. The horse, who makes an appearance in the third verse as well, is given a notable amount of attention in Frosts poem with having a presence in two out of a total of four verses.With the horse being significant in the poem, the reader can perceive the parallel of the horse being significant in the narrators life as well. The narrator by result must be deprived of effective and meaningful communication, which can have the power to make any individual feel lonesome and like an outcast. In the line, The darkest evening of the year the narrator makes a bold statement that reveals more than just the ambience of the woods. The word dark is often used by mentally ill individuals to describe their thoughts and feelings. The narrator takes a step further and uses the descriptive, darkest which transforms the whole tone of the poem and prompts the suspicion that the narrator may do something harmful to himself in the middle of the dark, remote woods. Following the second verse which ignites the idea of suicide, the third verse pulls at the idea further through entwined metaphors and symbols: He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sounds the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. (9-12) In the second line of the verse the narrator uses the word mistake which seems to hold a significant weight as it concludes the sentence and is placed within the sentence where emphasis lands when spoken out loud. The attention drawn to the word, mistake alludes to how the narrator may subconsciously know any irreversible act of self-harm would be unwise and wrong. With the narrator falling deeper into his intent, the horse reappears in the verse with the lines, He gives his harness bells a shake /To ask if there is some mistake where the action of shaking his harness bells illustrates the horses attempt to shake the narrator out of his trance. The horse is presented as a physical representation of the narrators conscience and moral sense. The narrators companion is the opposing force in the poem encouraging the narrator to resist any toxic temptations he may harbor as he stands in the woods and contemplates his own life. After grappling with his dark thoughts in the third verse, the narrator starts to come down from the edge in the fourth and final verse: The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. (13-16) Unlike the other three verses, every word at the end of each line rhyme perfectly and can be thought of as a display of the narrators brain obtaining a sensible succession of thoughts and the pieces falling back into place, making logical connections. The narrator reveals to the reader in the second line that he has promises to keep which can be interpreted as having a deeper meaning that goes beyond just meeting up with the villager mentioned in verse one. The promise that the narrator references could refer to a promise he made to himself to live on another day and not give in to his dark demons. The line proceeding reads and miles to go before I sleep indicating how he underneath all the dark thoughts resides the true belief he has where he knows he has a long life to live before he shall sleep or, more explicitly, die. The last two lines of the verse are repeated and conclude the poem. People have a tendency to repeat thoughts or beliefs to themselves as a way to convince themsel ves of something they are resistant to believe but know deep down they should accept. Despite the narrators evident mental illness, he chooses to live for another day for reasons that arent made clear to the reader. Within the poem, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, written by Robert Frost, are various literary devices that aid in communicating the theme of deep depression of the narrator stopped in the woods. The narrators internal struggle is buried deep in the snow, not visible without a significant amount of examination. The winter and woods combination creates a beautiful atmosphere with a lingering feeling of melancholy. After a while of being out in the middle of snowy woods the feeling of loneliness comes creeping through and the essence of the surrounding landscape is altered. Similar to in the poem, dark thoughts and feelings are ultimately intensified in what is the most frigid and somber time of year.

A Brief History of Weather Vanes

Video Games And Its Effects On Society - 2285 Words

From the inception of Pong to the latest chapter of the video game series Assassin’s Creed, virtual gaming has been scorned and shunned as a detriment to society. Older generations speculate that incessant gaming in young children insinuates violence, antipathy, lack of creative initiative, and develops an unhealthy isolation from the real world. However, in recent years, these postulates have been put to the test; a number of scientists have conducted experimentation in order to discover whether not virtual gaming affects children in negative ways, and the results could not be farther from their original hypotheses. These studies have shown that videogames can be used for educational purposes, as well as for conducting psychological and medical research and advancements, and that speculations regarding their destructive nature and violence-inspiring tendencies result in no conclusive evidence. In fact, video games may even be developing into the newest art form, as many prov ide insights into political and philosophical discussion using gameplay and graphics. In other words, the development of virtual gaming over the past twenty years is not detrimental to the upbringing of adolescents in our society, and can actually be beneficial in a multitude of areas. One of the primary benefits of utilising video games is their effectiveness in improving mental abilities and in the classroom. A multitude of lessons can be taught using a variety of video games, ranging from concreteShow MoreRelatedVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1463 Words   |  6 Pages Movies, video games, music and television shows come in different genres. However, depending on age in regards to youth not just anyone is allowed to: watch certain movies, buy just any video game, listen to any music or watch any tv show. Sometimes they can see certain movies with a parent or guardian. Seeing violence in excess causes violent acts to take place in society because it gives ideas to viewers or listeners especially those who are young. This the reason there are ratings for mediaRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Society1274 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in video games can affect ones mindset in so many different ways, where we don’t even realize it. For example playing â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† for a few hours will change your mindset. Even though it wouldn’t be in a tremendous way, but for a few minutes your mindset will think, â€Å"This game is so much fun, I want to steal cars, have police chase me, shoot at people, even steal helicopters †. According to Social scientists in the New York Times, Many studies have shown that this is becoming a majorRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1970’s, video games in America have been controversial. Currently around 97% of America s children play video games in some form; from home consoles such as Xbox, to personal computers and mobile games on smartphones, even in an educational form, video games are nearly everywhere and bringing in big money. Around $21 billion is being funneled into a domestic video game industry. But what are these kids viewing when playing video games and how does that affect their role in society? A commonRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society1525 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The reason why people find it so enjoyable is that games are usually the right degree of challenging and the player takes an active role (unlike watching television) so there is an incentive to achieve† (Gee) . Ever since video games were invented there was an immediate attachment and an unwillingness to release them. They present chances to accomplish things one may not be able to do in their life, and provides an escape from reality. Video games also imprint and teach new skills to the gamers whoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society980 Words   |  4 PagesAs a growing medium, video games are often associated with various negative connotations that have obfuscated its positive contributions made to society. As a result, the general public is unaware of how video games have shaped modern-day, some even consider it a meaningless teenager pastime, but this is distant from reality. Video games are important to society at large because they do not serve for entertainment purposes only, they are a major force in the economy, scientific research, and militaryRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1588 Words   |  7 PagesSince the creation of Spacewar in spring of 1962, vi deo games have dramatically improved along with technology. It has become the most popular way of entertainment in modern civilization, but it also has become a subject of public concern regarding to its negative effects on peoples psychological and physical problems, especially in children and teens. Video games are now recognized by a study as an addiction according to the journal Psychological Science: â€Å"Researchers used data on 1,200 childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Game On Society1466 Words   |  6 PagesFor generations games have been an important part of our culture. Many of these games center on war and strategic tactics. Boys and girls have played soldier, Cowboys and Indians, Monopoly, or Chess . Through games such as these the future men and women of society learned strategy and the consequences of controlling and restraining themselves because their actions had consequences. However with the invention of the computer high definition graphics, these games, and many others have been createdRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On The Society859 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a U.S Study by Rideout Et Al (As Cited in Anderson Bushman 2001.a), the popularity of video games is rapidly increasing. In a U.S study by Butchman Funk (As Cited in Anderson Bushman 2001.b), Around 60 percent of 4th grade girls prefer violent games and about 3 out of every 4 boys with a similar age also prefer ferocious ones. This essay will argue that violence in video games should be censored. For the purpose of this essay, violence can be defined as the physical force intendedRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effect On Society1298 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction During the advent of video games, the world was taken by storm, as this new type of entertainment caught the attention and imagination of the populace; but as this attention grew, concern and scrutiny weren’t far behind. Controversy finally got its chance in the 1990s, when games finally upgraded to 16-bit, giving them the ability to depict realistic blood and gore in games like Moral Kombat; which was criticized for excessive violence, a reason Congress used to create the EntertainmentRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Society1632 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology is a large part of modern society, especially in industrial society. Depending on who you ask, people are either in favour of the advancement in technology or some are against its progression arguing that people have become too reliant. Cellphones are one of the main forms of technology that people talk about most, questioning whether they are a good thing or bad. Many people are also concerned with the advancem ent in video games, worrying that video games are the cause of crime and violence

Inequality in Organizations

Question : Discuss about the Inequality in Organizations ? Answer : Introduction This study deals with analyzing the inequality that prevails in an organization. In this particular assignment, focus has been given on explaining the importance of ontological assumptions and it is related with the journal articles on inequality (Windzio 2013). The current segment elucidates the research theoretical perspectives that include modernist perspective and critical theory perspective. Both the perspectives are unique in their own ways and used by the researchers as and when required depending upon the nature of study. The present study signifies that inequality should be avoided in an organization as every employee has his or her own rights and responsibilities. They should be treated equally in terms of respect, responsibility, race, creed religion (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). The overview of the study is to bring out the best perspective of research theories that will be used by the researcher at the time of performing the research. The assignment defines both the perspectives and analyzes which perspective to be used in both the journal articles that are used in the study. It is therefore understood that organization should recruit HR managers who can bring out policies where there can be equal opportunities given to every employee who work for an organization (Podsakoff et al. 2013). Modernist Perspective- Modernist perspectives add value to an organization and it is more effective than postmodern, critical and sense-making approaches. This theory was developed during industrial revolution. Modernist perspective is a philosophical movement that works according to cultural trends and changes by bringing far-reaching transformations in Western society (Podsakoff et al. 2013). Modernist perspectives means the knowledge claimed in multiple perspectives like race, gender, class and group affiliations. In other words, individuals in the hierarchy of multiple meanings of language expose negative situation in the incidence of hierarchies, control, and power. The perspective takes into consideration the different discourses, marginalized people, as they are important by nature. It involves meta-narratives or universals that holds true of the social circumstances. This means there is need for deconstructing the text to learn about hierarchies, contradictions and opposition s (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). Critical Theorist Perspective- Critical theory perspective widely stresses on the reflective assessments as well as analysis of culture and background by applying information from communal sciences and humanity (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). This theory focus on empowering people for transcending the constraints placed on them by race, class and power. It can be interpreted or illuminated by communal action where themes involve scientific study of institutions and their alteration. This can be done by interpreting the meanings of communal life, historical troubles, communal struggles as well as domination and alienation (Pickett and Vanderbloemen 2015). Analyzing the different ontological assumptions that includes modernist and critical theorist perspective Ontological assumptions relates with the nature of the world as well as human beings in social context. It has been observed that there are various assumptions that can be viewed by seeing the world as outside individual. (Nunn and White 2016) Hence, ontology in normative explains that social phenomenon considered as independent from other major factors. The world is one and there are no further perceptions involved. Ontological relates to the nature of reality as well as its characteristics. According to researchers, the theory embraces the idea of multiple realities as well as report on the multiple realities by way of exploring the multiple forms of evidence from various individual perspectives and experiences at the same time (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). The first journal article is taken from Scandinavian Journal of Management and titled as Reproduction of Typical gender roles in temporary organizations (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). In this particular journal article, the author has argued regarding temporary organizations that are differing from each other in given aspects from permanent ones and as a result, this leads to gender-neutral. While conducting gender research in permanent organization, it has been noted that it indicates congruency between the gender and the project roles that has comparable mechanisms in both permanent as well as temporary system. In this article, modernist assumptions theory should have been used as the article itself exist and presented in form of journal articles. This will be a qualitative research that the researcher need to conduct so that they get to understand the multiple realities that happen due to inequality present in an organization (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). It is fact that every employees working in a organization are treated differently so it should be avoided and there should equal rights given to both gender such as male and female. The article highlights the fact as how there are typical gender role present while working in temporary organization and this means the projects that are short-term and closes after completion of that particular project (Lindberg, Forsberg and Karlberg 2015). The next journal article is taken from Human Resource Development Review and tiled as Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement: Issues of Inequality for Management and Human Resource Development (Shuck et al. 2016). In this paper, the author had explored the job demands by using resource model of engagement through critical lenses of privilege and power. In other words, the deconstruction of the privilege and power of employee engagement widely focus on the principles such as who are responsible for controlling the context of work, determining the experience of appointment, defining the value of engagement and remuneration from the high levels of meeting. In this article, it requires to use critical theory perspective, as it will help in understanding the changes in how people react and interact or network for social theorizing (Lee and Turner 2014). The researcher needs to focus on use of intensive case study that will help in comparing the cases by using formal models. There have been various issues that are highlighted in the article by the author regarding the issues of inequality for Management and Human Resource expansion. This means people are not given equal rights in an organization that leads to inequality such as difference in race, creed and religion. These differences should not be created in an organization as all are equal and have the same rights and values when they work for any particular organization (Henry et al. 2015). Demonstrating the ability for recognizing the different assumptions made by modernist and critical theorist writings- Ontological takes into consideration ones view on reality and is the starting points that likely lead to own theoretical structure (Hearn 2016). Ontology is the study of claims and assumptions that are made from nature of communal reality, claims about what exists, what it looks like as well as how these units interact with one another. Person who studies ontology takes into account the matter that actually exist in the society as a whole. In this study, the selection is made of analyzing the ontological assumptions on the topic of inequality in an organization (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). This method has been used for the study as it set out clear relationship when a researcher thinks can be researched connecting it with the topic on inequality in an organization. These assumptions will inform the epistemological assumptions while collecting the data for study in the near future. Modernist theory paradigm of an organization majorly identifies the five core elements of an organization such as technology, social structure, environment as well as physical structure and organizational culture as a whole. In this, environment is composed of discretely identifiable players or stakeholders as it gets fit between the organization and its environment (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). In addition, technology is considered as the process that converts inputs to products and services or outputs in the transformation process that takes place in an organization. This is one of the theories that underpin the biological concept of various integration for justifying the social structure within an organization that is represented by hierarchy in the most appropriate way (Gray Adams and Owen 2014). Education research from the critical theory perspective challenges the reproduction of inequalities. It is too technological and concerned with competence as well as reasonableness of design that will be done by neglecting the social inequalities and issues of power. This reveals the fact that researchers should be looking for the political as well as financial foundations of constructing the information, teaching and curriculum (Fowler 2013). In an organization, this theory plays an important role as explicit part by constructing the facts based power on society. This help in understanding the interests of those who have power. It is essential for reducing the inequality in an organization and maintains the status quo at the same time. Comparison between modernist and critical theories perspective - On comparison between Modernist and critical theories perspectives, it has been noted that critical theories perspective is more effective than modernist theory (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). This is for the reason as Critical theory perspective assumes that social reality defines from persons who live in a society. This means social reality is socially constructed with the help of media, society and institutions. Hence, communal behavior is the major result of exacting illegitimate, oppressive factors as well as dominatory as it is not operated in general interest of a single person group, freedom and power. Modernist perspective had been criticized on the grounds as it fails to provide clear possible idea knowledge by any means. In case the researcher falsified an assumption without even affirming it, then also the research is objective as well as reflects social reality. This perspective lacks objectivity while c onducting any research (Dorling and Dorling 2015). This theory has behavioral uniformities but they are not evident among other entities and illusion of social construction. How both the selected perspectives deals with inequality- Critical theory perspective deals with inequality in terms of ownership of wealth as well as controlling the material possessions (Armingeon and Schdel 2015). It is considered as a simple view where other forms of equality are experienced in the society. Inequality has been described power that has the ability in influencing others that claimed that power and had number of sources like ownership of land and capital, physical strength as well as social status and education at the same time. It requires viewing at the stratification in terms of relationship between classes, party and status. This means status is related with the inequality that is to do with the way where people judge and relate to each other. On the contrary, class relates with inequality that have their sources in the workings of capitalism as well as marketplace. Status is the form of tendency where people judge each other. Some of the values has some feature s and despise others (Cingano 2015). Conclusion On critical analysis, it has been noted that the managers should use critical theory perspective so that they can reduce the organizational problems that rises from inequality. Organization should focus on attributes such as HR practices as well as other closely related organizational structures, practices and process. It is advisable to the organization to undertake multifaceted approach as it is consistent with the model whereby inequality can be reduced to large extent. It requires exploring the nature of inequality that prevails in an organization. It is the responsibility of the HR managers for looking into the matter and mange the workforce in an effective way. HR Managers should bring out set of policies as well as events enacted by managers and supervisors without any type of formal teaching. HR managers should believe in bringing uniformity at workplace where each employee will be treated with equality. They should access the employees and value their work by giving reward a nd recognition for the hardworking and sincere employees. It is thereby essential for an organization to look after their employees and treat them equally as they are the real asset of the organization. Human resources such as employees should be managed in the best possible ways so that they work hard and results in increased production in the upcoming financial year. Reference List Armingeon, K. and Schdel, L., 2015. Social inequality in political participation: The dark sides of individualisation.West European Politics,38(1), pp.1-27. Cingano, F., 2015. Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth.INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS RESEARCH JOURNAL,10(3), pp.97-133. Dorling, D. and Dorling, D., 2015.Injustice: Why social inequality still persists. Policy Press. Fowler, A., 2013.Striking a balance: A guide to enhancing the effectiveness of non-governmental organisations in international development. Routledge. Gray, R., Adams, C. and Owen, D., 2014.Accountability, social responsibility and sustainability: Accounting for society and the environment. Pearson Higher Ed. Hearn, J., 2016. Inequality, liberal society, and the balance of power.Revue internationale de philosophie, (1), pp.109-128. Henry, S.K., Sandler, J., Passerini, L. and Darmstadt, G.L., 2015. Taking on the gender challenge in organisations: what does it take?.Global public health, pp.1-12. Lee, D.J. and Turner, B.S., 2014.Conflicts about class: Debating inequality in late industrialism. Routledge. Lindberg, M., Forsberg, L. and Karlberg, H., 2015. Gendered social innovation-a theoretical lens for analysing structural transformation in organisations and society.International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation,3(6), pp.472-483. Nunn, A. and White, P., 2016. The IMF and a new global politics of inequality?.The Journal of Australian Political Economy, (78), p.186. Pickett, K. and Vanderbloemen, L., 2015. Mind the gap: tackling social and educational inequality.Cambridge Primary Review Trust Report,4. Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y. and Podsakoff, N.P., 2013. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of applied psychology,88(5), p.879. Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B. and Bachrach, D.G., 2013. Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research.Journal of management,26(3), pp.513-563. Shuck, B., Collins, J.C., Rocco, T.S. and Diaz, R., 2016. Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement: Issues of Inequality for Management and Human Resource Development.Human Resource Development Review,15(2), pp.208-229. Sieben, B., Braun, T. and Ferreira, A.I., 2016. Reproduction of Typicalgender roles in temporary organizationsNo surprise for whom? The case of cooperative behaviors and their acknowledgement.Scandinavian Journal of Management,32(1), pp.52-62. Windzio, M., 2013. Integration and inequality in educational Institutions: An institutional perspective. InIntegration and inequality in educational institutions(pp. 3-18). Springer Netherlands.

Realism And Theatre Essays - Drama, Films, 19th-century Theatre

Realism And Theatre Realism is the movement toward representing reality as it is, in art. Realistic drama is an attempt to portray life on stage, a movement away from the conventional melodramas and sentimental comedies of the 1700s. It is expressed in theatre through the use of symbolism, character development, stage setting and storyline and is exemplified in plays such as Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House and Anton Chekhov's The Three Sisters. The arrival of realism was indeed good for theatre as it promoted greater audience involvement and raised awareness of contemporary social and moral issues. It also provided and continues to provide a medium through which playwrights can express their views about societal values, attitudes and morals. A Doll's House is the tragedy of a Norwegian housewife who is compelled to challenge law, society and her husband's value system. It can be clearly recognized as a realistic problem drama, for it is a case where the individual is in opposition to a hostile society. Ibsen's sympathy with the feminine cause has been praised and criticized; as he requires the audience to judge the words and actions of the characters in order to reassess the values of society. The characters in A Doll's House are quite complex and contradictory, no longer stereotypes. In Act II, Nora expresses her repulsion about a fancy dress worn to please Torvald (her husband): "I wish I'd torn it to pieces"; she attempts to restore it and resign herself to her situation right after: "I'll ask Mrs Linde to help". In Act III, Torvald ignores his wife's plea for forgiveness in order to make a moral judgement: "You've killed my happiness.You've destroyed my future". "I can never trust you again." Later on in the same act, he contradicts himself: "I'll change. I can change-"; much after Nora confronts him: "Sit here, Torvald. We have to come to terms". "...There's a lot to say". Here, Ibsen shows us he has worked in depth with the psychology of the characters, giving them a sense of complexity and realism. Playgoers therefore recognize the revelation of characters through memory. Thus drama became an experience closely impinging on the conscience of the audience. Ibsen was also unique for his use of symbolism to assist realism on stage. Symbolic significance is presented through the detail of design, props and actions of the characters. For example, in Act III, Nora goes offstage to get changed; "I'm changing. No more fancy dress". It is a symbolic representation of her personal change, one where she has come to the realization that she has been living the life of a doll, confined to the roles of a "featherbrain", "plaything", "dove", "skylark" and "songbird". Thus, symbolism enhanced realism, and its effect can be seen as positive in the sense that it stirred conscious awareness of values. The stage settings of A Doll's House are an integral part of the theatrical design, and not mere d?cor to be overlooked. The setting in Act II; "...the Christmas tree stands stripped of its decorations and with its candles burnt to stumps" is symbolic of the lack of happiness in Nora's life at that moment. Also the change of setting in Act III; "The tables and chairs have been moved centre" foreshadows a character change that will take place in Nora. The many references to doors also have significance beyond the stage directions. The play begins with the opening of the door and finishes with the "slamming" of the door. Nora enters the doll's house with the values of society and departs from it, symbolizing her rejection of them. All these intricacies of play settings and characters depict realism on stage. Ultimately, it has been good for theatre because it presents the playwright's ideas in interesting and original ways. Realism, as expressed through symbolism, also draws the attention of the audience, thus stimulating moral thought, and stirring reaction. Realism is also defined as art-imitating life (source). This is a fitting account of Anton Chekhov's plays, for they tend to show the stagnant, helpless quality of Russian society in the late C19th. Quite evident in The Three Sisters, when Tuzenbakh illustrates realism; "The suffering we see around us these days - and there's plenty of it - is at least a sign that society has reached a certain moral level." Hence, while the portrayal of life here seemed 'gloomy and pessimestic', it was still good for theatre in that it presented issues which audiences could identify with. It was also more intellectual theatre when the playwright could express their views, compared with the conventional

Health Case Studies 10 Facts to Imbue the Assignment With

Health Case Studies 10 Facts to Imbue the Assignment With The medical sphere means a lot to all of us. Many youngsters prefer medicine because they want to improve the health conditions of all people. The knowledge obtained at a medical college or university provides them with such a possibility. The graduates of medical institutions do their best to help people who suffer from various ailments. Of course, it’s necessary to learn a lot and thoroughly. One of the toughest challenges is to write health case studies. You should be knowledgeable in the chosen sphere and topics as well as possess advanced writing skills. In addition, you ought to strengthen your papers. This can be done in a variety of ways. One of such is to use crucial facts associated with health care. They may greatly contribute to the development of your main argument and strengthen it for many a time. Make allowances for the facts that may be added to your assignment: Health care statistics. This is a universal point, which is very useful. Merely every research paper in medicine and spheres associated with health requires figures. You should support your thesis. This can be done with the help of trustworthy statistics. Find the official websites, which give a dependable statistic on your topic and use it. Patient’s statements. The opinion of patients is important as well. These are the real people who underwent different therapies, took innovative remedies, and passed through all curing procedures. Accordingly, they can truly say which approach was better. Use their experience in your projects. Common problems in the healthcare industry. Every sphere of human activity has certain problems, and the healthcare industry is no exception. Many case studies disclose typical issues of a concrete sphere. You should learn them all and use when it’s possible to show how competent you are. The latest changes in health care policies. This industry is on a constant move. Unfortunately, different diseases mutate into new forms, or there appear absolutely unknown illnesses. Moreover, some social and economic factors may cause problems for the progress of the medical sphere. The world governments try to solve them and implement changes. Be aware of them to make use out such changes. Don’t write about the out-of-date facts. Insurance issues. There come lots of rumors and real complications with medical insurance. This issue is critical and very important for ordinary people. Learn all the details concerning this matter too. Observations. It’s necessary to track the success of different treatments, preparations, and therapies. This point may be combined with the statistical overview. Such sort of information makes the picture come big. Track the progress of different treatments and how they work. Doctor’s statements. It goes beyond all doubts that one cannot ignore the opinion of doctors. They are as vital as the experience of patients. These two points can be combined. The experts also share their viewpoints concerning the efficacy of various remedies and procedures. Moreover, they are able to give competent predictions about the potential of medical methods of treatment and invent novel remedies. Therefore, this information cannot be bypassed. Legal use of preparations. The matter of legal medical preparations has become a serious issue. Unfortunately, the current market is overflowed with fake or poor-quality pills. Every novel remedy requires the quality control and adoption of FDA and similar organizations. They are tested and assigned one of four main categories. Some of them aren’t dangerous, the others induce certain health inconveniences, and some are pretty dangerous for the patients’ lives. Moreover, the already existing and adopted preparations ought to be regularly checked as well. Therefore, these facts are vital. International collaboration. You should be aware of how world countries collaborate and coordinate the united measures to deal with different problems of the industry. Their actions are impactful and bring great significance. It’s quite possible that one of their numerous approaches will be related to your topic. WHO and its methods. World Health Organization has the centralized role in the governing of health care measures. This organization contributes to the general as well as specific wellbeing improvements. It solves health problems in various regions of the globe in a variety of ways. Turn this informant to your advantage and improve your projects. Memorize these essential points. They are pretty universal and really important. These facts may be the decisive contribution to your success. Use them when it’s possible, and you’ll really imbue your assignment in healthcare case studies with the significant evidence. You should likewise search for health and social care case studies examples. A visualization method has a great power. When we see how the things are composed by the experts, we understand the main objectives of our assignments clearer. This enhances the chances to succeed. References: Cocchi. R. Top 10 issues impacting healthcare industry in 2016. Healthcarebusinesstech.com, healthcarebusinesstech.com/issues-impacting-hospitals-2016/, January 19, 2016 Zamosky. L. Health Care Reform and Settling Grievances: FAQ. Webmd.com, https://www.webmd.com/health-insurance/features/health-insurance-appeals-complaints-problems#1, 2016 Ghosh. P. The pros and cons of drug legalization in the U.S.. Ibtimes.com, https://www.ibtimes.com/pros-cons-drug-legalization-us-246712, October 10, 2010 Partnership and Collaboration Resources for Global Health Researchers. Fic.nih.gov, https://www.fic.nih.gov/Grants/Pages/partnerships-collaborations.aspx, 2014 Health Policy of WHO. Who.int, who.int/topics/health_policy/en/, 2018 Health Statistics. Medlineplus.gov, https://medlineplus.gov/healthstatistics.html, April 25, 2018 Srivastava. R. What do doctors say to alternative therapists when a patient dies? Nothing. We never talk. Theguardian.com, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/mar/03/what-do-doctors-say-to-alternative-therapists-when-a-patient-dies-nothing-we-never-talk, March 30, 2015

Marketing Communication Activities Research Paper

Marketing Communication Activities - Research Paper Example Marketing communication activities are primarily aimed at building awareness of the existence of a business, its products, its services and its position. Such activities are done through advertising, trade show presentations, web sites, press releases, brochures and other public relations activities. This report will discuss the marketing communications activities for pre and post-launch aimed at optimizing food and beverage income for investors who are establishing a hotel. The report will also highlight the tools and approaches required for measuring the effectiveness of these marketing communication activities. Introduction The property at 45 Avenue de la Gare in Lausanne has been bought by the investment team that wishes to establish a hotel at the site. This report is a consultancy support paper that provides professional advice to the investment team on the marketing communication activities that it can be involved in so as to effectively deal with competition and market condit ions within the Lausanne area. The new hotel that is being set up is aimed at providing affordable luxury which appeals to mobile warriors and is attractive to a local hip crowd. The hotel is intended to have comfortable beds, social spaces and a business pop-up space to be used for short term retail meetings and small seminars. The new hotel is finally meant to have a welcome area, dining space, functional work-out space with basic gym equipment and space as well as being technologically relevant. The marketing communications activities are intended to pass across messages that the hotel is accessible, affordable, ambient, kid-friendly and functional. This report will highlight the marketing communication activities that the hotel can be engaged in so as to send messages to the potential customers that the hotel that the hotel is accessible, affordable, ambient, kid-friendly and functional. Marketing communication planning It is imperative that all marketing activities should be gu ided by a marketing communications plan which is strategically thought out so as to guide all marketing and promotion activities (Clow and Baack, p. 9). Marketing communications activities are all the programs that are designed by the marketing team to sell products, services or ideas of a business. These activities need to be planned for so that they can succeed. Market communication planning is usually made up of four major steps which are: 1. Research Research involves the systematic and objective gathering of pertinent information that will be used in determine what will messages will be communicated and to whom they will be communicated (Clow and Baack, p. 10). Research is necessary before planning is done and it can be done through browsing libraries, web sites and asking opinions of authoritative and reputable people. Research on marketing communication activities is necessary because it helps to find out the basic attitudes of customers so that we can know construct effectiv e messages. Research is also useful because it measures the true opinions of the various groups that will need to be communicated to. The hotel investment team should conduct research on market communication activities so as to identify opinion leaders who have influence over the target market. The hotel investment team will be able to minimize on costs since it will only concentrate on key audiences and valid objectives during the market

Refund Anticipation Loans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Refund Anticipation Loans - Research Paper Example In spite of the high fees associated with RAL’s, most of those coming from the poor families are the ones who usually apply for it. There is an on-going battle between the government, the consumer advocates and tax preparation companies on the continued offering of Refund Anticipation Loans. A refund anticipation loan is a type of short-term loan that is applied by a taxpayer, who wants an early claim on his tax refund. The amount that is acquired through the loan will be repaid by the taxpayer’s anticipated tax refund. It may also be called â€Å"Rapid Refund† or â€Å"Instant Money.† A contract is provided by the financial institution to be signed by the taxpayer that serves as an assurance that the loan will be paid back through the taxpayer’s tax refund (â€Å"Refund Anticipation Loan Fraud†). Common interest rates for RAL’s start from 50% up to over 500%, the basis of which is the length of the time that is needed to process tax forms at the Internal Revenue Services (IRS), that is According to the Center for Responsible Lending. Although this type of loan has been claimed as a way for taxpayers to have their tax refunds earlier in their pockets, more often than not it is advanced only for just a few days or less as compared to the actual date that the IRS releases the tax refund (â€Å"Tax Refund Resources for Consumers†). RAL’s give taxpayers the opportunity to get their tax refund at a sooner date and be able to use the money earlier rather than wait for a couple more days. Even so, problems occur when someone opts to use a refund anticipation loan. Basically the lender knows that the money borrowed will be paid no matter what since the guarantee is the taxpayer’s tax refund; therefore, it is considered as a safer type of loan compared to the other types, but then risking everything just to get the money sooner seems to not sound good at all (Pritchard).

White Privilege Essay Example for Free

White Privilege Essay In the aftermath of the election victory of Barack Obama, white supremacists rushed to online discussion forums to vent anger and disbelief that voters had chosen an African-American candidate as the next president of the United States. The Anti-Defamation League, which monitors and exposes extremist activity and rhetoric, said anger among white supremacists and other right-wing extremists in response to Obamas victory, resulted in an avalanche of vitriolic ranting postings on racist Web sites. At one point, the chatter so overloaded the server of the most popular white supremacist internet forum, Stormfront, which was temporarily shutdown. The notion that racism is a violation of human rights is not a new one, as those who have experienced it effects would testify. The ground-breaking progress gained by the civil rights movement of the 1960s in the United States has steadily eroded over the past decade, and the issues and incidents of racism as well as anti-Semitism, homophobia, and violence against women are ones that need to be addressed with increasing urgency. While the courts are more and more frequently relying on civil rights laws to prosecute racially motivated violence, the common abuses of basic human rights are often overlooked. In fact, the encroachment of white supremacist ideologies into the social fabric of our politics, our institutions, and our laws means that intolerance 1. is becoming the rule of the day, and the overt violation of the persons and property of individuals and groups is not only easily accepted, but part of the status quo. America has moved into a new era of white supremacy. The new tactics used by white supremacists and far right organizations must be exposed so that we can work together to mitigate their effectiveness. This includes a discussion of the relationship between three converging and ever-growing factionsthe ultra-conservatives, religious fundamentalists, and the far right. In this context, racism cannot stand alone as the sole antagonist of human rights violations. The victims of white supremacist ideologies and politics include immigrants, gays and lesbians, Jews, and women, as well as people of color. From the ranks of homophobes, anti-abortionists, racists, anti-Semites, and those who are simply afraid of a fast-changing world, white supremacists find willing allies in their struggle to control Americas destiny. Hate groups cannot be dismissed as a more complex than the virulence of a few fringe fanatics. With the breathless way the media covers hate groups, it is sometimes easier to characterize them simply as misfits or extremists, rather than acknowledge them as part of the larger problem of widespread racism, anti-Semitism, and homophobia. FBI statistics report that 65 percent of Americas hate crimes are committed by whites against blacks. A good portion of such hate crimes are what we call move-in violence, when neighborhoods, schools, churches, or jobs are finally integrated 2. 30 years after the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Terror over the visibility of the lesbian and gay movement lays behind the numerous hate crimes against gays and lesbians (and their allies) the fastest-growing hate crime category in the country. Some of the haters, living on the United States borders, are petrified at the thought that brown hordes of Mexicans, Chinese, or Haitians may swarm over them if they cease their militant rhetoric and violence toward these immigrants. If they live near Native American reservations, the aim of their violence is to challenge the few remaining treaty rights granted native peoples. Other white supremacists want to save the white race by controlling the behavior of white womenthey attack interracial couples, lesbians, and feminists. They join the anti-abortion movement, believing they can prevent white women from getting legal abortions. Racist far right organizations have been quick to glorify anti-abortion violence, making it yet another hot issue to fuel the fires of the white revolution. Hate groups have decided that they are no longer willing to wait for the white revolution, the violent backlash against human rights movements. They want a fast solution before, as they put it, the white race is extinct. These fanatics are terrorists who use bombs, murder, arson, and assaults in their genocidal war. Some skinheadsfor example, the Fourth Reich Skins arrested a few years ago in Los Angeles or the Aryan National Front, convicted of murdering homeless people in Alabama are in the vanguard of this street-level violence. Meanwhile, older survivalists like Randy Weaver, who was acquitted of killing a federal marshall in an Idaho firefight in 1992, 3.are barricaded in mountain shelters with stockpiles of weapons, awaiting the final Armageddon. Impressionable, often alienated people, both young and old, are natural recruits for this movement. They bring new energy and a willingness to display their hatred aggressively. They also expand the influence of the white supremacist movement, into the anti-abortion movement, into the anti-gay movement, into the English only movement, opening new avenues for the expression of hate. In the 21st century, the image of organized hate is rapidly changing. It is no longer the exclusive domain of white men over 30. It is becoming younger, meaner and more violent. Many people join the movement as teenagers, including a remarkable number of young women. This new and dangerous increase accounts for nearly one-third of the membership of some hate groups. The increase in the number of women, coupled with a strategic thrust to reform the public image of hate groups, has expanded womens leadership. These new recruits do not fit the stereotypical image of wives on their husbands arms. In fact, many of them are college-educated, very sophisticated, and display skills usually found among the rarest of intellectuals in the movement. Of particular concern in this early 21st century is a continuing convergence of sections of the white supremacist movement with the radical Christian Right, as represented by Pat Robertson, and nationalist ultra-conservatives, as represented by the crackpot Tea Party members and conservative Republicans such as Rick Santorum. This alliance is between religious determinists who think that ones degree of Christianity determines one’s future, economic determinists who see themselves in a 4.war of the haves against the have-nots, and biological determinists for whom race is everything. All believe they are in battle to save Western civilization (white Europeans) from the ungodly and the unfit (people of color, gays and lesbians, and Jews). What many Americans fail to realize is that, increasingly, white people are being literally scared out of their wits by demagogues, who crystallize for them their fears of people of color, lesbians and gays, the government, the media, welfare mothers, immigrants, the economy, health care, and the list goes on. The fact that race relations in the United States are usually presented as a black/white model disguises the complexity of color, the brutality of class, and the importance of religion and sexual identity in the construction and practice of white supremacy. This simplistic model, which fails to convey many of the important aspects of white supremacy, cannot specifically explain how white supremacy influences American culture and politics. White supremacy is an ideology that manipulates US politics and affects all relations in American society. It is sustained by rigid ideological categories. The construction of racial categories, although varying greatly over time, has always been based on the economic, social, and political aspirations of people of European descent. Throughout European history, racial definitions have been based on lineage, characteristics, skin hue, and religion. At the present time, there are not safe places for the victims of this type of violence to turn. No homeless shelters, no womens shelters, and often not even 5.police departments offer them support. The first step in building these resources is to recognize the magnitude of the problem so that human rights activists can come together to offer help and support to those outside the majority rule. A concerted, prolonged effort to teach young people about the true impact of white supremacy and its prevalence in American society is fundamental to breaking the cycle. To ignore this issue is to build intolerance into the next generation. An understanding of the historical and institutional effects of racism and the other isms that dominate our culture and society is vital to understanding present bigotry and abuse. In conclusion, when we recognize that racism, homophobia, sexism, anti-Semitism, and xenophobia flow from the same spring, and that they permeate every aspect of the lives of all Americans, we can then take steps together to make the United States a place that respects and honors the dignity of all people. 6. A Childs Tale By Gloria A. Loftin Let me tell you a tale my child of blue and grey of a world gone wild Let me tell you a tale my child of men in hoods and capes of hearts full of rage and hate Let me tell you a tale my child of men of god of greed and wealth Let me tell you a tale my child of peace and hope for all the world Let me tell you a tale my childÃ'Ž

The Devil’s Playground :: Devil Religious Beliefs Creative Writing Essays

The Devil’s Playground Slowly the snow drifted along the sidewalks and streets as he strolled down his own path. Following no particular way but his own, he traveled. Knowing not his destination but only his outcome. His ideas were changed, his beliefs were diminished to that of nothing and his perception of reality was turned upside down. All he knew now was himself and that of his tendencies. His own nature was the only real and raw thing that he was able to hang on to. A life of mistreatment and abuse, his last actions displayed his true feelings. "I should have stopped you in the womb. When I had the chance I should have taken it. YOU, were my worst mistake." "LEAVE! Nobody here wants you nobody here cares for you and there is no place for you. Hide yourself somewhere and do the world a favor." His mother screamed constantly, shaming him to that of nothing but guilt of being alive. It was a common ritual in his OLD household. Then tonight, with the quick flick of a wrist and the glisten of rose red, the shaming ended. The guilt stopped. Then with two more quick and swift movements he finished off what was left to remind him of his past. What would have been witnesses were nothing more than cold and bludgeoned heaps. Ryan lived on the outskirts of the city. Wandering from house to house throughout his childhood he knew not much of the meaning of family. His parents were constantly sending him to foster families for a few weeks at a time then taking him back, only to get a few more pleasurable meetings with him. He was unwanted by all but himself and ignorant to the idea of remorse. He always knew one day, he alone, could stop all his pain and all his suffering but he wasn’t concerned with that right now. In fact, the only things that crossed his mind were, "Right foot, Left foot." It was all he thought of and it was all he spoke of as he walked. He carried the rose red razor in his right hand and his left was clenched tight. His knuckles as white as the snow that surrounded him. His pajama pants and white tee shirt were all he wore. No shoes to protect his feet from the harsh winter cold and snow and no hat to warm his freezing head.

Morality in Graham Greene’s “I Spy” Essay

As World War I raged about Europe, Great Britain took every measure available to ensure the war didn’t spread into their own backyard. Their army was doing fine fighting elsewhere in France and Germany, but as William I proved in 1066, when you invade England, it’s not the English that win. Britons lived in constant fear of a takeover by the German â€Å"huns,† and this fear inspired Graham Greene to comment on morality in man in his short story, â€Å"I Spy.† Greene explains, through the conflict that his protagonists suffer, that sometimes society’s morals are artificially removed, for example in a time of war in which the object is to kill as many people as possible that aren’t on your side. In these situations, people have to make their own decisions about morality and right and wrong, and this absolutely terrifies them. This is shown in â€Å"I Spy† through the characters, imagery, and setting in the story. The main character in â€Å"I Spy† is Charlie Stowe, a twelve year old boy living in England. Charlie is teased by boys at school about never having smoked a cigarette, so one night sneaks downstairs to his father’s tobacconist shop to have one. He knows this is not only wrong but illegal, but does it anyways to try to mitigate his schoolmates’ ridicule. Since Charlie knows he is doing wrong, throughout the story he has an overbearing fear of being caught. Apparently for Charlie, however, the consequences of being caught stealing cigarettes are less than the consequences of not smoking at all, so he goes through with his plan. The other main character in the story is Charlie’s father who owns the shop. He is described as an ‘unreal wraith,’ not loved by his son. As the story progresses, it becomes evident that Mr. Stowe has been taken into custody for being a spy, and is being brought to the shop to get his coat before he is led, presumably, to trial and execution. It is not clear whether Mr. Stowe became a spy because he was a tobacconist (specializing in imports from Turkey, a WW-I ally of Germany), or whether he became a tobacconist because he was a spy (providing a common gathering place, making it easy to pass information or items back and forth). It is clear, however, from Charlie’s memories of his father fortifying himself with proverbs and muttering to himself, that he may not have wanted to hold his traitorous occupation. Both Charlie’s and his father’s society’s morals have been removed, Charlie’s by his schoolmates  and Mr. Stowe, probably, by German spies coercing him to join their ranks. Both of them know they are doing wrong and, though they display their fear differently, are frightened non etheless about what might happen if they don’t do their respective tasks. The imagery in â€Å"I Spy† also helps show the central idea of fear. Throughout the story, light is represented as a danger of being caught, and each time Charlie shies away from the light. The candle in his mother’s room, the spotlights sweeping the windows of the shop, and the policeman’s flashlight all provide threats to Charlie’s mission of stealing a cigarette. In addition, the nature of the shop itself lends itself to intrigue and fear. The phrase â€Å"smoke-filled room† traditionally stirs feelings of clandestine deals and surreptitious secrets, and this room is no different. The apprehension is almost as visible as the smoke in this room of shadowy transactions. Imagery, in addition to showing lack of morals, contrasts it by showing pillars of morality and fortitude, the two agents accompanying Mr. Stowe. With their identical suits, bowlers, and mackintoshes, these government agents, presumably from the British MI-5, represent those that d o not have to make decisions for themselves and have their code of morality laid before them. Finally, the setting of â€Å"I Spy† does a great deal to support the central idea of having to choose ones moral decisions. This is Great Britain in the early twentieth century, when the last remnants of the British Empire are being swept away and global warfare is everyone’s biggest fear. Britain is also coming off its â€Å"jingoism† (meaning incredibly nationalistic) policy, meaning that there are a great deal of ardent patriots living in the area. Charlie’s mother is one of these, having nothing but good to say about the queen, and nothing but bad to say about the Germans. Charlie’s father also validates the patriotism, saying that once the neighbors find out he is a spy, they will tear down the tobacconists shop. These neighbors would normally not band together to do such a violent act, but for the time. They are used to hearing that everything related to Britain is perfect, and everything related to Germany should be destroyed, and will act accordingly. The story takes place in a coastal town, so spotlights are continually sweeping across  the sea looking for German boats, and across the skies looking for enemy dirigibles. These lights serve a dual purpose, however, and subconsciously remind the population that even they can be watched. This may lead to conflict within ordinary people, who may always worry whether their actions are â€Å"good† or â€Å"good for the state† or could be interpreted as conflicting with the interests of Britain. It is evident that these lights, built to protect, can also strike fear into the hearts of people struggling to make their everyday moral decisions. There will always be instances in which definite morality is suspended or removed. People will always be forced to make up their own set of morals and abide by them, and they will always be fearful that their set of morals is wrong. The differences that arise among people is how they act on these fears and code of morals. Charlie and his father both experienced the fear of being discovered in the wrong. They also both experienced the despair at knowing there is no other choice but the action they are taking. In reality, however, both Charlie and his father took the easy way out in dealing with their problems. Charlie could have simply stood up to his tormenters and defended his right not to smoke, and Mr. Stowes could have refused to become a spy for Germany. Both of these responses could have resulted in serious personal injury, but it should have been a small price to pay for keeping one’s honor.

The Sins Of The Flesh Eating And Vampirism - 1335 Words

Sins of the Flesh: Eating and Vampirism Almost every sin imaginable is included in this text if one were to interpret Bram Stoker’s writing to be as such. The glaring Christianity, coded sexual innuendo, and the vampire stereotype still attracts many to this novel. Despite the Victorian era’s social expectations of a woman, gluttony and lust are the two most abundant and greatly detailed sins alive in this text and usually descriptively, if not symbolically intertwined. The female characters of this novel lavishly display their sexual and physical appetites throughout the novel thus tempting the male figures. Mina and Lucy are portrayed in opposition to both each other and societal norms, in the nineteenth century and these traits are still displayed today in the twenty-first century. Voraciousness and Lust as portrayed through vampirism in Dracula details the dichotomy of Bram Stoker and of all men; which wife would a man want to have, the smart maternal plump woman or the fanciful beautiful thin woman. In Victorian England anorexia was the social norm, much as it is today, and considered the standard of beauty. However, the attractive female and highly sexualized woman is more often than not describing the â€Å"voluptuous† vampire as the culmination of male hidden desires using animalistic descriptions of the way that they gorge themselves before, during, and after illness (for Mina). Silver states this notion with this excerpt â€Å"the vampire’s sexuality is expressed entirelyShow MoreRelatedEssay On Sexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula2371 Words   |  10 Pagesthe images of sex scenes. The women tempt Jonathan with their sexualized appearance, but giving into their enchantment would lead to the ultimate punishment for sin, being brutally attacked and turned into a vampire. Moreover, the pauses and waiting periods that Jonathan experiences expose the sexual tension prolonging the temptation and sin. Voyeurism further compounds the sinfulness of Jonathan’s in teractions with the female vampires. Multiple women who are not his wife entice him while one engagesRead MoreThe s Manifestation Of Evil By Bram Stoker2006 Words   |  9 Pagesthis novel a gothic novel. The first night, Jonathan and the Count had a unique meal together, and Stoker really emphasized this meal. From old reliable (How to Read Literature like a Professor), â€Å"Sometimes a meal is just a meal, and eating with others is simply just eating with others. More often than not, though, it’s not†¦whenever people eat or drink together its communion† (Foster 7-8). Communion is an act of fellowship, participation, and is a common belief in Christian belief. Also according toRead More The Serpent-Vampire in Keats Lamia Essay3101 Words   |  13 Pagesfor the Greeks, the whole continent of Africa. When Hera finds out about their love, she destroys each of Lamias children at birth. In her misery, Lamia withdraws to the rocks and caves of the sea-coast, where she preys on other womens children, eating them and sucking their blood. To recompense his mistress, Zeus gives her the power of shape-shifting. Perhaps as a reflection of this versatility, the monstrous race of lamiae of Africa are composite beings, with the heads and breasts of women, but

Safety Culture Is The Common Beliefs And Ways - 1288 Words

Culture is the common beliefs and ways of doing things shared between those who learned their ways in the same environment. Safety culture is, however much of the same with a developed attitude towards safety. Safety culture can be strong, where people within an organization report incidents that occur or even when they had the opportunity to occur. On the other hand safety culture can also be poor where incidents are hidden or swept under the carpet and no action can be taken to decrease the possibility of it from happening again. Tools have been developed to assess the safety culture in many different organizations, usually those that have a high risk. Rules and regulations are typically implemented following incidents resulting in fatalities. Nuclear, medical and aviation are some of the main industries that have begun assessing safety culture within their organizations and implementing SMS systems to help distinguish situations that could have potentially caused an incident. Over the years safety has been taken more and more seriously and the safety culture throughout many organizations in general has been greatly improved upon. This has been mainly due to mishaps and incidents in the past that have led to fatalities. Following these incidents have been regulations and measures to ensure that the same thing is less likely to occur or possibly even impossible to occur again. Since so many regulations are now in place incidents are few and far between, which is a goodShow MoreRelatedCultural Safety in Clinical Practice1658 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective of cultural safety, culture is broadly defined to include ethnicity, customs, tradition, beliefs and values as well as socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, religious and spiritual beliefs, ethnic/immigration status, values and disabilities (NCNZ, 2011). Culture is about ways of doing things and it can be learned and changed (Jarvis, 2012). Ethnicity on the other hand a is a form of ide ntification or belonging to a social group bonded by common history and cultural traditionRead MoreSafety-Culture Background and Concept: The Chernobyl Disaster1422 Words   |  6 Pagesassume that the written safety plans have the potential to be very effective, but companies ought to go ahead of the safety plan and build a suitable â€Å"safety culture†. The construction industry offers a thrilling and dynamic atmosphere. The flow of exclusive projects, the on-site operational environment, and the inventiveness and innovation required to solve one-off troubles require a creative approach to work which is seldom found elsewhere. The problem of safety culture - What is it and how doRead MoreExplain The Term Safety Culture 1481 Words   |  6 Pages4. Explain the term ‘ Safety Culture’ Safety culture has been described as the product of the values, attitude and behaviors of employees and employers in connection with workplace Safety. Since Human Resource Management and its related practices and policies attempt to influence and capture employee attitudes and values, ‘Safety Culture’ fits well with the orientation of this text. As such, ‘ Safety culture’ is an expression and product of management’s and employees attitude and values notwithstandingRead MoreSuperstition Is The Belief Of Supernatural Items And Occurrences904 Words   |  4 PagesSuperstition – it is the belief in supernatural items and occurrences; one event causes another to happen without any real logical reason or linkage between the events. Examples being: astrology, religion, luck, voodoo, ancient roman activities and prophecies. The major artifact science fights are superstitions due to science being logical as well as able to show linage between two event s – superstitious activities cannot. They are used in everyday life by everyday people, whether it’s subconsciousRead MoreEvaluating Safety Culture And Sms Implementation1399 Words   |  6 PagesAssessing Safety Culture SMS Implementation Safety culture is defined as consisting â€Å"of shared beliefs, practices and attitudes, that exist at an establishment. Culture is the atmosphere created by those beliefs, attitudes, etc.† (Middlesworth, M., February 19). In recent years, safety culture has become an aspect which most, if not all, companies and organizations require in order to succeed. What is difficult is how to measure or assess the safety culture currently present in that organizationRead MoreOrganizational Development For Cultural Safety1660 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment for cultural safety: A CASE STUDY Culture means the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society. The learned yet dynamic ways of being in everyday life, informed by attributes such as age, class, ability, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, which influence beliefs, values and attitudes and how humans explain and respond to life’s context and circumstances (Cox, 2013, p1-25). Since people from different communities adhere to different cultures so interaction ofRead MoreAviation Safety And How Effective Crew Resource Management Training1513 Words   |  7 Pagescritical for companies to implement safety defences within their practices. Prioritising an effective safety culture within aviation depends on a combination of professional, national, organisational and just cultures (Hamilton, 2016). This essay gains insight into the potential positive and negative effects of these cultures in aviation safety and how effective Crew Resource Management training is, how it has systems have evolved and been implemented to optimise safety. The goal of this approach to cross-culturalRead MoreTaming The Curiousity1197 Words   |  5 PagesThere is something most if not all boys have in common, being either a child or even an adult: an unexplainable fascination with guns. Some would argue that this fascination, along with access to real or toy guns, is in combination with lethal consequences. This belief is based on the unproven notion that children tend to mature with less of an appreciation for the lives of others. On the other hand, there are those who do not view the combination as an issue. These people do understand that thereRead MoreThe Treaty Of Waitangi And The Rights Of The Maori People Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesof Waitangi with regards to the treaty text and the principles behind it and the relevance to the health and wellbeing of the Maori people in New Zealand. The Cultural Safety and other principles that are considered in the healthcare practice wil l also be tackled. While most of the discussion is focused on the treaty, cultural safety and Maori health various concerns are also considered to provide a suitable foundation on the topic. The treaty of Waitangi is the founding document of New Zealand. ItRead MoreNon Endangered Species Of Whales As A Cultural Exemption1055 Words   |  5 Pagesdependent upon this enterprise and for whom their cultures would drastically suffer economically, an exception should be made for a specified number of non-endangered whales per year and efforts should be made to identify ways to significantly reduce or even eliminate the practice. My belief that economically-driven exceptions should be made, however, is in no way based on a belief that cultural history should be considered a valid exemption. The common argument is that they are not hunting endangered

Climate Change - 737 Words

California Attempts to Defy Trump’s Policies on Climate Change Davenport, C., Nagourney, A. (2017). Fighting Trump on Climate, California Becomes a Global Force. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/california-engages-world-and-fights-washington-on-climate-change.html?_r=0 In this article, Daventport and Nagourney illustrate how California, the state with the most strict policies and laws on environment, is attempting to defy the federal government’s relaxed policies by partnering with international bodies and countries. In an effort to retain its status as an environmental conservationist state, California Governor Jerry Brown, who advocates for environmental conservation and protection, has gone beyond†¦show more content†¦The concept of dual federalism applies in this case as the state of California is fighting for its right to make and sustain its individual laws and regulations. Dual federalism views the federal system as a layered stack of cake, where each layer of the government performs that are most relevant at that level(Feeley Rubin, 2008). This theory was reflected much during the foundation of the US in the process of writing the Constitution (FeeleyRubin, 2008). It advocates for limited and distinct powers of the federal g overnment and specific tasks and roles left to the states governments. As such, it leaves each government supreme within its own limits and operations. The states have the rights to make its own laws and forge its future free of the interference of the national government as outlined in the Tenth Amendment(Feeley Rubin, 2008).In this case, California seems to be pulling in this way as it seeks to make and sustain its own policies and sign agreements with international bodies as well as countries free from the federal government interference(Feeley Rubin, 2008). In fact, California’s efforts seems to be violating the norms and traditions, but it should be noted that the state has the rights to do this under the constitution. The article provides a detailed information on the current conflicts between the state of California and the federal government in policy making, especially in regards toShow MoreRelatedClimate Changes And Climate Change Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Climate is inherently variable. Climate changes from place to place and it varies with time. The world now faces one of the complex and important issue it has ever had to deal with: climate change. Climate change today is one of the biggest concerns of human beings on the planet and the effects of climate change are undeniable and it may cause environmental, social, and economic threats to the planet. We already know and easily can highlight several signs of climate change. They are: risingRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change1016 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Climate change is a reality that is happening now, and that we can see its impact across the world† (Haddrill, 2014) Climate change is the changes in the pattern of the climate due to natural and human activities that has been used inappropriately. Climate is defined as the â€Å"average weather† (Calow, 1998) for a particular region. Climate change is the human activities that affect Earth’s climate by using the human activities inappropriately that leads to the warming of the Earth. There are varietyRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of climate change has been around for quite a while. The earliest mention of climate change dates back to the 19th century. Swedish scientist, Svante Archenius was the first scientist to study the effect of CO2 on climate. (Rodhe et al 1997) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change as â€Å"A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g by using statistical tests) by changes in mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persistsRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change935 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is one of the most important challenges of humankind in this century. The ability to adapt, mitigate and reduce carbon emissions will be decisive to preserve the world for future generations. The last IPCC report has provided more evidence regarding the rise in temperature and sea level. Apparently, additional 2 °C above the pre-industrial average temperature levels is unavoidable, and it will continue at that level due the accumulation of gases in the atmosphere (Solomon 2009). ClimateRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change1817 Words   |  8 Pageshear the words â€Å"climate change† what comes to mind? Probably weather and the change s. Many of us watch the news or use an app on our cellphones/electronic devices to keep an eye on the weather for the day, week, or even the month. But, there is actually a difference between weather and climate. Weather is actually â€Å"the changes we see and feel outside from day to day. It might rain one day and be sunny the next. Weather also changes from place to place† (Dunbar, 2014). Whereas â€Å"climate is the usual weatherRead MoreClimate Change Is The Change923 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is the change in earth’s climate like temperature and precipitation over a particular region. Climate change has shown its affect all across the globe and is leading to all undesirable loses. Some of the reasons of radical climate changes are: †¢ Irresponsible activities of humans like misuse of fossil fuels, polluting water bodies and use of non-renewable sources †¢ Burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil are rising the levels of carbon dioxide in the air. Climate change is not onlyRead MoreClimate Change Is A Change1482 Words   |  6 Pages Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns. Climate change is a topic that is brought up in many different genres of conversations. Whether it be brought up and discussed in politics, school, family, or friends, some people still limit using those words when in casual conversation. Some of those same people are the people who still deny that climate change is happening. Climate change affects every single one of us. It affects everyone who lives on this earth every day andRead MoreThe Change Of The Climate Change1184 Words   |  5 Pages The world continues to spin and spin, and we’ve always heard about the condition of the climate. We hear about the changing levels of CO2 in our atmosphere and the Earth’s population contribution to the rise of it. No one usually stops to think about how the food production systems for the food we eat is also a contributing factor to the rise of CO2. â€Å"I turn my life upside-down, start biking to work, plan t a big garden, turn down the thermostat so low I need the Jimmy Carter signature cardiganRead MoreClimate Change3273 Words   |  14 Pages1. Introduction Scientific evidence of the world’s changing climate is unequivocal. The expected impacts of the changing climate are likely to adversely affect the well being of all countries and particularly the poorest countries, some of which are in Africa. The changing climate has been manifested in the form of: increased severity and frequency of droughts; floods and storms; water stress, coastal erosion, and higher incidence of vector borne diseases among others. The resulting declines inRead MoreClimate Changes And Climate Change Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) as a variation in the mean state of climate persisting for an extended period of time typically decades or longer while the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) defines climate change as a change in the climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alters the composition of the global atmos phere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed

Types of Essays Free Essays

string(105) " to cultivation and urbanization, and many have been orphaned by poachers cashing in on the ivory trade\." BIK 3033 : WRITING SKILLS TITLE Assignment 1 : Write a review for FOUR different types of essays. GROUP : UPSI 02(A112PJJ) PREPARED BY : NAME| ID NUMBER| TEL. NUMBER| ANBUSELVAN A/L NARAIYANAN| D20112054977| 017-3109372| E-LEARNING TUTOR : PN. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now RAJA NOR SAFINAS BINTI RAJA HARUN DATE OF SUBMISSION : 12th APRIL 2013 Narrative essay Introduction ‘The Climb’ is a sample of narrative essay written by Amy. She conveyed her fear of height effectively. This essay is obtained from a website. Organization of the essay Paragraph| A new paragraph is formed when something changes in the story. Thesis statement| Amy decided to ascend a path to an area above a 100-ft. Waterfall even when she is terrified of heights. | Topic sentences| 1) Amy and her friends were on a day trip to the Boqueron, a gorgeous, lush spot in the foothills of Peru. 2) After eating their sack lunches within sight and sound of the fall, many of them wanted to make the climb to an area above it. 3) The climb ascended steeply above them. 4) All that Amy could think about was how far it would be to fall. 5) Questioning her own sanity, Amy decided at least to attempt the climb. ) She was soon past the first challenge safely, but not feeling much better abo ut the rest of the climb. 7) The difficulties only increased from that point on, with scary spot after scary spot. 8) With friends supporting her by words and actions, she slowly gained ground. 9) The slight handholds were few and far between. 10) Since getting up this next part was next to impossible, and waiting for a rescue helicopter was not an option, with fear and trembling Amy decided to go down, but not alone. 11) . A slip would mean an extremely long drop. 2) With no further mishaps, Amy and her friends came eventually to the last troublesome spot, the stretch between two boulders that had given Amy problems on the way up. 13) There were two possible descents from here. 14) She knew she has to take Seth’s route. 15) Seth held Amy’s feet tightly and slowly lowered her, guiding her feel to a firm place as she let her body slide over the leaves, twigs, and rock. 16) She had never felt so alive, and so thankful for that life. | Supporting details| 1) Its prime att raction is the main waterfall, about 100 feet high, that thunders into a crystal clear pool feeding the Aguaytia River. All around the pool and on down to the rushing river are boulders large and small. The beach is strewn with rocks. On both sides of the fall, the jungle stretches to meet it, rising parallel to it on a gentler slope. 2) A few friends went first to make sure they were on the right path. But after they left, Amy’s group of seven decided to go ahead without waiting for them to return. They went along the base of the hill until they reached the climb. 3) Along the right edge the jungle hugged the rocks; passage through its trees did not look feasible. Peering back down toward the river, Amy saw a steep slope of rocks all the way to the water. 4) Amy voiced her uncertainties to her friends. They dismissed her fears and encouraged her to stick it out. 5) She was speechless when watched her friend Tom suddenly, slipped and slid backward about 10 feet. 6) Consoling that her friend Seth would be right behind, she shakily began the ascent. The â€Å"path† led up a narrow area between boulders. In it, they reached a place where there just were no good handholds. Seth braced my foot, and those above sent down words of encouragement. ) Her heart raced faster when she thinks about the long drop to the boulders below. 8) Her friends were supporting her all the time. She trusted them more than herself. 9) She thinks that she couldn’t handle such a stretch. So, she must decide to go back down. 10) Amy and her friend, Melody who decided to go with her prayed for their safety and started descending. 11) Amy was uncertain of sliding to the bottom like Melody. But, with Melody’s encouragement, Amy succeeded too. 12) The rest the friends joined Amy and Melody. 13) One was a short jump. While the other route was where Seth injured himself when descending. 4) She was terrified. But, Seth gave her words of encouragement. So, Amy completely trusts Seth. 15) She was so relieved that at last she managed to reach the bottom. 16) Amy yelled happily. | Strengths of the essay In this essay the writer explained about her phobia on height. The writer well express her feelings. The story line was written attractively. The readers can feel the situation which gone through by the writer. The writer use simple language in this essay which is very easy to understand. Weaknesses of the essay Not enough drama to explain the real situation. The writer should concentrate more on the explanation in real situation. Besides that the way of expression was not well done by the writer. Cause and effect essay Introduction ‘Save the elephant’ is a cause and effect essay. It is written by Michelle. The writer opens a brief explanation of a case in which a herd of elephants is spared from death. But then goes on to explain how that is not typical. This essay is obtained from a website. Organization of the essay Paragraph| There are fourteen paragraphs that deliver the causes and effects of elephant extinction. The major and minor points are equally emphasized in the paragraphs. | Thesis statement| Threat on elephants has serious effects. | Topic sentences| Paragraph one : 1) Orphaned young elephants are aggressive. Paragraph two : 1) Full-grown bull elephants were brought to the park. Paragraph three : 1) The elephant population in Africa has been drastically reduced by loss of habitat to cultivation and urbanization, and many have been orphaned by poachers cashing in on the ivory trade. You read "Types of Essays" in category "Essay examples" Paragraph four : 1) Elephants are amazing creatures. Paragraph five : 1) Elephants have an enormous effect on the other animals and plants in their habitat. Paragraph six : 1) With only 2 elephant species left out of 600, the danger of extinction is imminent. Paragraph seven : 1) Humans have always taken advantage of the incredible strength and endurance of elephants. Paragraph eight : 1) Poaching is the chief reason that elephants are brought closer to extinction every day. Paragraph nine : 1) The poaching trade began in earnest in 1971, when a severe drought killed 9,000 elephants in a Kenyan game reserve. Paragraph ten : 1) Raw ivory is shipped by smugglers to factories where it is either carved into sculptures or converted into Chinese medicines. Paragraph eleven : 1) Many attempts have been made to stamp out poaching in African game reserves, but law enforcement has proved extremely difficult. Paragraph twelve : 1) Officials in Zimbabwe and Botswana have tried to remedy this problem in an interesting fashion. Paragraph thirteen : 1) Another approach taken to prevent peasants from turning to poaching was to use money generated by park tourism to build clinics and provide educational programs for surrounding communities. Paragraph fourteen : 1) In recent years, the number of elephant killings due to poaching has decreased, largely due to the worldwide ban (since 1990) on the trade of ivory. | Supporting details| Paragraph one : 1) The elephants went on a killing spree, slaying almost 40 rhinoceros—including incredibly rare black rhinos. The park officials did not want to kill the young elephants, but they could not afford to have any more rhinos slaughtered. Paragraph two : 1) A previously impossible hierarchy had been established, and the orphaned males fell right into place. As of yet, no rhino killings have been reported. Paragraph three : 1) Some biologists believe that if elephant numbers continue to drop, it will soon be impossible to save the species. Paragraph four : 1) As well as holding the title of â€Å"largest land animal,† they are also among the most intelligent. An elephant has 150,000 muscle units in its trunk, can swim long distances without tiring, walks almost silently despite weighing about 7 tons, can travel up to 6,000 miles in a year while searching for food, and can live 60 years. Full-grown elephants have no natural enemies, other than humans. Paragraph five : 1) Eating 165-330 pounds of food a day, an elephant can clear thick brush into open savannah in no time, creating an open habitat for other animals. Several tree species rely almost solely on the elephant to scatter their seeds. If the elephant were to disappear, these life-forms would bear the consequences. Paragraph six : 1) If the population in any particular area drops below 100 individuals (as it has in several parks), that population is virtually doomed, having entered an â€Å"extinction vortex. † Continued inbreeding leads to genetic deterioration, which results in fewer reproductive males and females being born. The numbers begin to drop, and the cycle continues until the population completely dies out. Evidence of this genetic deterioration can be seen in elephant tusks, which are gradually becoming smaller. All elephants with exceptionally large tusks have already been poached. Paragraph seven : 1) Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, used elephants to carry his supplies across the Alps in the third century. Elephants have been ridden onto the battlefield, have been trained to carry heavy logs, and were even used during World War II to drag military equipment up steep slopes. We have used elephants to our advantage for more than 2,000 years. Paragraph eight : 1) From 1986 to 1989, 300,000 African elephants were killed for their ivory tusks. In 1986 alone, 75 percent of raw ivory came from illegal poaching—the equivalent of 89,000 elephants. Recently, laws have been instituted that completely ban any hunting of the endangered elephants. However, this has only made poaching easier; without professional hunters carefully patrolling their favourite hunting blocks, park rangers alone are left to deal with poachers. Carrying outdated World War II rifles, the rangers are no match for ruthless poachers with AK-17’s, who have been known to kill rangers, local farmers, and even tourists to avoid capture. Paragraph nine : 1) Neighbours of the park moved in to collect ivory. They found it was very profitable, and when the supply dwindled and they could no longer simply pick it up from the ground, they turned to the living elephants. In 1973 there were 167,000 elephants in Kenya. By 1987, there were only 20,000 left. Paragraph ten : 1) Before President Bush’s 1989 ban, the United States was one of the largest importers of worked ivory in the world. Major consumers of ivory today include China, Hong Kong, India, Taiwan, and Japan. The demand for ivory in these countries—as well as the price paid to poachers—has increased over the years, in some places by 1000 percent. Weapons are also more available due to the civil wars and political unrest in certain African countries. These factors have contributed to increase poaching and will ultimately contribute to the demise of elephants. Paragraph eleven : 1) Lack of funding for conservation projects and for staff to patrol the parks is a major obstacle in the quest to protect threatened species. ) Many poachers come from poor communities adjacent to major parks. The people in these communities have to put up with harassment from wild animals, and they rarely get anything in return. Consequently, they do not object to making some money at the expense of an elephant or two. The scenario is common in the poor countries of Africa, such as Kenya, where 30 million hungry people are crowded into an area the size of Texas. Paragraph twelve : 1) They granted ownership of all the wild animals in a certain area to the nearest village or community. Contrary to public expectations, this method was relatively successful. The communities managed resources carefully, monitored their animals well, and even earned money from safari expeditions. Unfortunately, community ownership of animals seemed to work only in areas with large areas of land and few people. Paragraph thirteen : 1) However, because some parks do not attract as many tourists as others do, and also because of the sheer number of poor villages, the benefits were spread too thinly. Paragraph fourteen : 1) However, the illegal trade continues, and as long as it does, poachers will be a part of it. The poaching problem is incredibly intricate. Fuelled by the illicit trade to Southeast Asia and the rest of the world, it is also the result of a lack of education and public services in African villages. | Strengths of the essay In this essay the writer explained about elephants which are headed toward extinction. The writer also clearly establishes the main causes of this situation as well as their sad effects. The writer took a lot of efforts to compile the details of the elephants. The explanation is about the current situation of the elephants. The explanation about the current situation of the elephants was explained with a lot of facts. When read this essay the reader can feel the real unseen situation of the largest animal on the earth. Weaknesses of the essay In some places of this essay the writer repeat the facts. The writer also uses difficult words which is annoying. The writer should concentrate on language which is easy to understand. Besides that this essay is too long. Half way of reading it the reader will feel boring. Compare and contrast essay Introduction ‘Elementary school and middle school: The differences and similarities’ is a compare and contrast essay. This essay is obtained from a website (Time for Kids). Organization of the essay Paragraph| The essay has two developmental paragraphs. First paragraph is about what an elementary school and middle school have in common. While the second, explains the differences. | Thesis statement| There are few similarities and differences between elementary schools and middle schools. | Topic sentences| Paragraph one : * Elementary schools and middle schools have many traits in common. Paragraph two : * There are some big changes that new middle school students should be aware of. Supporting details| Paragraph one : 1) Typically, both are open five days a week for a set number of hours each day. Students sit at desks in classrooms and are expected to listen to and learn from their teachers. There is a set time for lunch. Each day, students are given homework assignments. Students take quizzes and tests. Paragraph two : 1) In elementary school, students usually stay in the same classroom with one teacher for most of the day. That is not the case in middle school, where students typically have a different teacher for each subject. Students must move to a different classroom for each subject too. Since there is not one classroom in which to store supplies, middle schools often provide students with lockers. | Strengths of the essay The writer uses simple language. It makes this essay easier to understand. The writer concentrated on the comparative points and delivered them well. Weaknesses of the essay The writer should give more differences between Elementary school and Middle school. The writer should concentrate more on the situation in this two difference schools. The essay didn’t provide information on the subjects enrolled in both schools Classifying essay Introduction ‘Types of computers’ is a classifying essay. It is written by Oya Ozagac on May 1994. The writer uses simple language to deliver her message. This essay is obtained from a website. Organization of the essay Paragraph| There are five developmental paragraphs; each defines each type of computers. Similarities and differences of the computers are flashed. | Thesis statement| There are five types of computers according to their functions and capabilities. | Topic sentences| Paragraph one : * The most familiar type of microprocessor is the personal computer (PC). Paragraph two : * Another purpose for using a microprocessor is as a workstation. Paragraph three : * A computer can also be used as a server. Paragraph four : * A fourth type, a main frame is the heart of a network of computers or terminals which allows hundreds of people to work at the same time on the same data. Paragraph five : * Sometimes, computers can be used for specialized fields as well. | Supporting details| Paragraph one : * PC is designed for general use by a single person. Two types of PC available are the desktop and the laptop. The desktop is set up in a permanent location while the laptop is portable. Paragraph two : * The computers used for this purpose have a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development. Paragraph three : * The server provides services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives. Servers also have the capacity to store data related to the company. If there is an Internet connection, a server is also enables the company workers to observe who is visiting their pages from which server. This helps developing the business. Paragraph four : * It is indispensable for the business world. These machines are huge both in size and in capacity. Generally they are kept in a separate room where nobody can reach since their breakdown can cause a fortune to the company. Paragraph five : * The supercomputer is the top of the heap in power and expense. It is used for jobs that take massive amounts of calculating, like weather forecasting, engineering design and testing, serious decryption, and economic forecasting. | Strengths of the essay This essay consists of the type of computers and its usage. The writer explained very well about computers. Besides that the writer wrote the history of the computer which is most of us doesn’t know. This essay consists of maximum details of the computer. The reader will get a lot of knowledge by reading this essay. Weaknesses of the essay Although the writer use simple words to make this essay interesting but the writer should pay more attention on examples. The writer should give more examples for her explanation. Besides, the essay lack of description about computers. APPENDIXES 1) Narrative essay Amy, the author of this personal narrative, effectively uses voice to convey the fear she feels as she ascends a path to an area above a 100-ft. waterfall. Her expert choice of words helps to paint a beautiful picture of her surroundings. The Climb I have this fear. It causes my legs to shake. I break out in a cold sweat. I start jabbering to anyone who is nearby. As thoughts of certain death run through my mind, the world appears a precious, treasured place. I imagine my own funeral, then shrink back at the implications of where my thoughts are taking me. My stomach feels strange. My palms are clammy. I am terrified of heights. Of course, it’s not really a fear of being in a high place. Rather, it is the view of a long way to fall, of rocks far below me and no firm wall between me and the edge. My sense of security is screamingly absent. There are no guardrails, flimsy though I picture them, or other safety devices. I can rely only on my own surefootedness—or lack thereof. Despite my fear, two summers ago I somehow found myself climbing to a high place, while quaking inside and out. Most of our high school had come along on a day trip to the Boqueron, a gorgeous, lush spot in the foothills of Peru. Its prime attraction is the main waterfall, about 100 feet high, that thunders into a crystal clear pool feeding the Aguaytia River. All around the pool and on down to the rushing river are boulders large and small. The beach is strewn with rocks. On both sides of the fall, the jungle stretches to meet it, rising parallel to it on a gentler slope. After eating our sack lunches within sight and sound of the fall, many of us wanted to make the climb to an area above it. We knew others had done so on previous trips. A few guys went first to make sure they were on the right path. But after they left, my group of seven decided to go ahead without waiting for them to return. I suspected we were going the wrong way, but I kept silent, figuring that the others knew better. We went along the base of the hill until we reached the climb. It stopped me in my tracks. The climb ascended steeply above us. Along the right edge the jungle hugged the rocks; passage through its trees did not look feasible. The majority of my view was filled with rocks. Looming high to the sky, the boulders rose in a tiered manner. Peering back down toward the river, I saw a steep slope of rocks all the way to the water. All I could think about was how far it would be to fall. My tense thoughts were interrupted by the realization that my friends were already beginning to climb! My anxiety increased as I watched them. Do I turn back? My whole being shouted, â€Å"Yes! †Ã‚  Will I regret it later? I really want to get to the top, but†¦ I voiced my uncertainties to my friends. They dismissed my fears and encouraged me to stick it out. Questioning my own sanity, I decided at least to attempt the climb. I chose a path that seemed easiest. My friend Tom was ahead of me. Then, suddenly, he slipped and slid backward about 10 feet! I watched, paralyzed, until he stopped himself and assured us he was all right. My heart was hammering. Now those who had tried the other way came back; it had not worked. Consoling myself that my friend Seth would be right behind me, I shakily began the ascent. The â€Å"path† led up a narrow area between boulders. In it, we reached a place where there just were no good handholds. Seth braced my foot, and those above sent down words of encouragement. I was soon past the first challenge safely, but not feeling much better about the rest of the climb. The difficulties only increased from that point on, with scary spot after scary spot. Though I knew I should not look down, I could not always ignore the long drop to the boulders below. My breathing sped up, but my heart pounded even faster, growing loud in my ears. My friends kept right on climbing. But they did not forget me. Someone was always behind me to help hold my feet steady when necessary, and someone else was always ahead to offer a hand up. I trusted them more than myself; I knew my feet could easily slip. With friends supporting me by words and actions, I slowly gained ground. Finally we came to the worst section yet. To me the slope looked very close to vertical. The slight handholds were few and far between. Being short, I knew the stretches would be difficult enough in normal conditions. In my current panic, it would be much worse. The alternative was to go back down. Which was more difficult? I didn’t want to go either way, but obviously I had to go somewhere. The trouble was, we were not getting any nearer to the falls. By now, we realized that this route was not the way most frequented! But knowing this did not get me any closer to safety. Since getting up this next part was next to impossible, and waiting for a rescue helicopter was not an option, with fear and trembling I decided to go down, but not by myself. Melody agreed to go with me, earning my eternal gratitude. She paused to pray for safety; I did not trust my voice enough to pray aloud. Now, with our backs to the rocks, the drop was continually in our line of vision. It seemed even steeper than before. The song â€Å"Angels Watching Over Me† ran through my head as we began, Melody going first. I kept up a steady stream of chatter, my trembling voice betraying my fear. One of the first tough places we came to gave us trouble. Cautiously stretching one foot down, Melody could not reach the bottom of the boulder. A slip would mean an extremely long drop. So we tried a different route where a fall would be shorter. It was somewhat wet and would entail a short slide to reach the bottom. Melody made it safely. I hesitated, unsure of my footing, and picturing myself at the bottom of the cliff, bones broken and pain wracking my body, if I still lived. â€Å"You can do it! I’m right here,† Melody called. She waited patiently, not pressuring me to hurry. Inching carefully to the edge, I could see in the corner of my eye the boulders and river far below. As I started down the rock, my foot slipped! My heart jumped into my throat as the terror I had held just under the surface swept over me. I’m gonna fall! I inwardly shrieked. It had been only a small slip, however; I was not in midair! I took a few calming breaths, and my heart repositioned itself where it belonged. With no further mishaps, we came eventually to the last troublesome spot, the stretch between two boulders that had given me problems on the way up. Thankfully, the rest of our friends had given up climbing to the top and had now caught up to us. There were two possible descents from here. One way included a short jump down. I decided to check out the other way. Seth was working his way down this second route when he fell a few feet and bruised himself! I again looked over the first option. Do I want to jump? There’s a big drop if I jump wrong or don’t stop on the ledge! But the other way†¦! I knew if I was to get down, it would have to be Seth’s way. He was willing to help me however he could. I inspected the â€Å"path† he had taken. There was some low vegetation, matted down and sloping slightly toward the edge. Then came a drop down to a narrow inlet between rocks. That was not so bad. The hitch lay in the fact that there was no handholds or footholds, and my short legs would not reach to the rocks. â€Å"Uh, I don’t know about this. I don’t like the looks of it! † I said, my voice quavering. â€Å"You can make it, Amy! I’m right here. I won’t let you fall,† Seth promised. Slowly, painstakingly, I backed over the vegetation. â€Å"I’m coming down,† I warned, my voice unsteady. I’m ready,† answered Seth. â€Å"I got you. † His assurances gave me the strength to go on. I trusted him implicitly. Flattening myself onto my belly, I edged my feet into midair. Seth held them tightly and slowly lowered me, guiding my feel to a firm place as I let my body slide over the leaves, twigs, and rock. Wh en my feet made contact with the solid rock, I heaved a huge sigh of relief. I could feel the fear draining out of me. My arms and legs were scratched up; I was dirty and sweaty. But none of it mattered. I was at the bottom! â€Å"Yaaaaaaahhhh! † I yelled. I never felt so alive, and so thankful for that life. 2) Cause and effect essay This cause/effect essay opens with a brief explanation of a case in which a herd of elephants is spared from death, but then goes on to explain how that is not typical—that, in fact, elephants are headed toward extinction. Michelle, the author, clearly establishes the main causes of this situation, as well as their sad effects. Save the Elephants What should be done with a herd of marauding elephants? This was the problem recently confronting officials at Pilanesberg National Park in South Africa. A number of orphaned male elephants had been transported to the park in order to provide them with a safe and nurturing environment. However, this step to protect the elephant population soon threatened another endangered species. The young elephants had entered musth, like puberty, a state of heightened hormonal activity and increased aggression. The elephants went on a killing spree, slaying almost 40 rhinoceros—including incredibly rare black rhinos. The park officials did not want to kill the young elephants, but they could not afford to have any more rhinos slaughtered. Oddly enough, the solution to this disastrous situation was to bring more male elephants into the park. This time, however, they were full-grown bull elephants. In almost no time at all, a previously impossible hierarchy had been established, and the orphaned males fell right into place. As of yet, no rhino killings have been reported. The Pilanesberg story has a positive ending, but many elephants are not as lucky. The elephant population in Africa has been drastically reduced by loss of habitat to cultivation and urbanization, and many have been orphaned by poachers cashing in on the ivory trade. Some biologists believe that if elephant numbers continue to drop, it will soon be impossible to save the species. Elephants are amazing creatures. As well as holding the title of â€Å"largest land animal,† they are also among the most intelligent. An elephant has 150,000 muscle units in its trunk, can swim long distances without tiring, walks almost silently despite weighing about 7 tons, can travel up to 6,000 miles in a year while searching for food, and can live 60 years. Full-grown elephants have no natural enemies, other than humans. Like most animals, elephants have an enormous effect on the other animals in their habitat. Eating 165-330 pounds of food a day, an elephant can clear thick brush into open savannah in no time, creating an open habitat for other animals. Several tree species rely almost solely on the elephant to scatter their seeds. If the elephant were to disappear, these life-forms would bear the consequences. With only 2 elephant species left out of 600, the danger of extinction is imminent. If the population in any particular area drops below 100 individuals (as it has in several parks), that population is virtually doomed, having entered an â€Å"extinction vortex. Continued inbreeding leads to genetic deterioration, which results in fewer reproductive males and females being born. The numbers begin to drop, and the cycle continues until the population completely dies out. Evidence of this genetic deterioration can be seen in elephant tusks, which are gradually becoming smaller. All elephants with exceptionally large tusks have already been poached. Humans have always taken advantage of the incredible strength and endurance of elephants. Hannibal, the Carthaginian general, used elephants to carry his supplies across the Alps in the third century. Elephants have been ridden onto the battlefield, have been trained to carry heavy logs, and were even used during World War II to drag military equipment up steep slopes. We have used elephants to our advantage for more than 2,000 years. Now we are destroying them. Poaching is the chief reason that elephants are brought closer to extinction every day. From 1986 to 1989, 300,000 African elephants were killed for their ivory tusks. In 1986 alone, 75 percent of raw ivory came from illegal poaching—the equivalent of 89,000 elephants. Recently, laws have been instituted that completely ban any hunting of the endangered elephants. However, this has only made poaching easier; without professional hunters carefully patrolling their favorite hunting blocks, park rangers alone are left to deal with poachers. Carrying outdated World War II rifles, the rangers are no match for ruthless poachers with AK-17’s, who have been known to kill rangers, local farmers, and even tourists to avoid capture. The poaching trade began in earnest in 1971, when a severe drought killed 9,000 elephants in a Kenyan game reserve. Neighbors of the park moved in to collect ivory. They found it was very profitable, and when the supply dwindled and they could no longer simply pick it up from the ground, they turned to the living elephants. In 1973 there were 167,000 elephants in Kenya. By 1987, there were only 20,000 left. Raw ivory is shipped by smugglers to factories where it is either carved into sculptures or converted into Chinese medicines (which may actually have very little medicinal value). Before President Bush’s 1989 ban, the United States was one of the largest importers of worked ivory in the world. Major consumers of ivory today include China, Hong Kong, India, Taiwan, and Japan. The demand for ivory in these countries—as well as the price paid to poachers—has increased over the years, in some places by 1000 percent. Weapons are also more available due to the civil wars and political unrest in certain African countries. These factors have contributed to increased poaching and will ultimately contribute to the demise of elephants. Many attempts have been made to stamp out poaching in African game reserves, but law enforcement has proved extremely difficult. Lack of funding for conservation projects and for staff to patrol the parks is a major obstacle in the quest to protect threatened species. In addition, many poachers are not the professionals seen on TV, with trucks full of supplies, traps, and technologically advanced weapons. Instead, they come from poor communities adjacent to major parks. The people in these communities have to put up with harassment from wild animals, and they rarely get anything in return. Consequently, they do not object to making some money at the expense of an elephant or two. The scenario is common in the poor countries of Africa, such as Kenya, where 30 million hungry people are crowded into an area the size of Texas. Officials in Zimbabwe and Botswana have tried to remedy this problem in an interesting fashion. They granted ownership of all the wild animals in a certain area to the nearest village or community. Contrary to public expectations, this method was relatively successful. The communities managed resources carefully, monitored their animals well, and even earned money from safari expeditions. As it turns out, a trophy hunter spends 100 times more to shoot a single animal than an average tourist spends to just look. Unfortunately, community ownership of animals seemed to work only in areas with large areas of land and few people. Another approach taken to prevent peasants from turning to poaching was to use money generated by park tourism to build clinics and provide educational programs for surrounding communities. However, because some parks do not attract as many tourists as others do, and also because of the sheer number of poor villages, the benefits were spread too thinly. In recent years, the number of elephant killings due to poaching has decreased, largely due to the worldwide ban (since 1990) on the trade of ivory. However, the illegal trade continues, and as long as it does, poachers will be a part of it. The poaching problem is incredibly intricate. Fueled by the illicit trade to southeast Asia and the rest of the world, it is also the result of a lack of education and public services in African villages. It is evident that a single country cannot successfully combat poaching and the loss of elephant habitat. The world needs to unite like never before if we want to save our remaining elephants. 3) Compare and contrast essay Elementary School and Middle School: The Differences and Similarities What is it like to transition from elementary to middle school? That is a question many kids ask each year. Having experienced both, I can tell you that there are plenty of similarities as well as some very big differences between the two types of schools. Elementary schools and middle schools have many traits in common. Typically, both are open five days a week for a set number of hours each day. Students sit at desks in classrooms and are expected to listen to and learn from their teachers. There is a set time for lunch. Each day, students are given homework assignments. Students take quizzes and tests. In all of these ways, middle school should feel somewhat familiar to new students. However, there are some big changes that new middle school students should be aware of. In elementary school, students usually stay in the same classroom with one teacher for most of the day. That is not the case in middle school, where students typically have a different teacher for each subject. Students must move to a different classroom for each subject too. Since there is not one classroom in which to store supplies, middle schools often provide students with lockers. For many kids, getting a locker is a welcome rite of passage. Making the move from elementary school to middle school may seem scary, but knowing what to expect can really help. Elementary school provides kids with the experiences they need to be ready for middle school. Even though moving on means adjusting to a new environment, some things, including many of the classmates who accompany you, will remain the same. ) Classifying essay Types of Computers There are a lot of terms used to describe computers. Most of these words imply the size, expected use or capability of the computer. While the term â€Å"computer† can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it, most people think of a computer as a device that receives input from the user through a mouse or keyboard, processes it in some fashion and displays the result on a screen. Computers can be divided into five according to the purpose they are used for and their capabilities. The most familiar type of microprocessor is the personal computer (PC). It designed for general use by a single person. While a Mac is also a PC, most people relate the term with systems that run the Windows operating system. PCs were first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses. A PC can come in two types (three if we include the Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) that differ from PCs not by the working policy but in appearance as well. ): Desktop and laptop. The former is not designed for portability. The expectation with desktop systems is that you will set the computer up in a permanent location. Most desktops offer more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren. On the other hand, the laptops – also called notebooks – are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operated package slightly larger than an average hardcover book. Another purpose for using a microprocessor is as a workstation. The computers used for this purpose have a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development. A computer can also be used as a server. For this, it needs to be optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives. Servers also have the capacity to store data related to the company. If there is an Internet connection, a server is also enables the company workers to observe who is visiting their pages from which server. This helps developing the business. A fourth type, a main frame is the heart of a network of computers or terminals which allows hundreds of people to work at the same time on the same data. It is indispensable for the business world. These machines are huge both in size and in capacity. Generally they are kept in a separate room where nobody can reach since their breakdown can cause a fortune to the company. Sometimes, computers can be used for specialized fields as well. The supercomputer is the top of the heap in power and expense. It is used for jobs that take massive amounts of calculating, like weather forecasting, engineering design and testing, serious decryption, and economic forecasting. With the increasing demand in different specialties, new adjustments are being made to microprocessors and new types of computers that serve different purposes emerge. In this ongoing process, it would not possible to put a full stop here. What we suggest is that it is better to keep an eye on the development of science in this field and keep updating our knowledge in order not to be out-of-date like the computers of old times that were as big as a room. ________________________________________________________ Written by Oya Ozagac, May 2004 Copyright @ 2006 Bogazici University SFL How to cite Types of Essays, Essays