Inequality in Organizations

Question : Discuss about the Inequality in Organizations ? Answer : Introduction This study deals with analyzing the inequality that prevails in an organization. In this particular assignment, focus has been given on explaining the importance of ontological assumptions and it is related with the journal articles on inequality (Windzio 2013). The current segment elucidates the research theoretical perspectives that include modernist perspective and critical theory perspective. Both the perspectives are unique in their own ways and used by the researchers as and when required depending upon the nature of study. The present study signifies that inequality should be avoided in an organization as every employee has his or her own rights and responsibilities. They should be treated equally in terms of respect, responsibility, race, creed religion (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). The overview of the study is to bring out the best perspective of research theories that will be used by the researcher at the time of performing the research. The assignment defines both the perspectives and analyzes which perspective to be used in both the journal articles that are used in the study. It is therefore understood that organization should recruit HR managers who can bring out policies where there can be equal opportunities given to every employee who work for an organization (Podsakoff et al. 2013). Modernist Perspective- Modernist perspectives add value to an organization and it is more effective than postmodern, critical and sense-making approaches. This theory was developed during industrial revolution. Modernist perspective is a philosophical movement that works according to cultural trends and changes by bringing far-reaching transformations in Western society (Podsakoff et al. 2013). Modernist perspectives means the knowledge claimed in multiple perspectives like race, gender, class and group affiliations. In other words, individuals in the hierarchy of multiple meanings of language expose negative situation in the incidence of hierarchies, control, and power. The perspective takes into consideration the different discourses, marginalized people, as they are important by nature. It involves meta-narratives or universals that holds true of the social circumstances. This means there is need for deconstructing the text to learn about hierarchies, contradictions and opposition s (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). Critical Theorist Perspective- Critical theory perspective widely stresses on the reflective assessments as well as analysis of culture and background by applying information from communal sciences and humanity (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). This theory focus on empowering people for transcending the constraints placed on them by race, class and power. It can be interpreted or illuminated by communal action where themes involve scientific study of institutions and their alteration. This can be done by interpreting the meanings of communal life, historical troubles, communal struggles as well as domination and alienation (Pickett and Vanderbloemen 2015). Analyzing the different ontological assumptions that includes modernist and critical theorist perspective Ontological assumptions relates with the nature of the world as well as human beings in social context. It has been observed that there are various assumptions that can be viewed by seeing the world as outside individual. (Nunn and White 2016) Hence, ontology in normative explains that social phenomenon considered as independent from other major factors. The world is one and there are no further perceptions involved. Ontological relates to the nature of reality as well as its characteristics. According to researchers, the theory embraces the idea of multiple realities as well as report on the multiple realities by way of exploring the multiple forms of evidence from various individual perspectives and experiences at the same time (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). The first journal article is taken from Scandinavian Journal of Management and titled as Reproduction of Typical gender roles in temporary organizations (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). In this particular journal article, the author has argued regarding temporary organizations that are differing from each other in given aspects from permanent ones and as a result, this leads to gender-neutral. While conducting gender research in permanent organization, it has been noted that it indicates congruency between the gender and the project roles that has comparable mechanisms in both permanent as well as temporary system. In this article, modernist assumptions theory should have been used as the article itself exist and presented in form of journal articles. This will be a qualitative research that the researcher need to conduct so that they get to understand the multiple realities that happen due to inequality present in an organization (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). It is fact that every employees working in a organization are treated differently so it should be avoided and there should equal rights given to both gender such as male and female. The article highlights the fact as how there are typical gender role present while working in temporary organization and this means the projects that are short-term and closes after completion of that particular project (Lindberg, Forsberg and Karlberg 2015). The next journal article is taken from Human Resource Development Review and tiled as Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement: Issues of Inequality for Management and Human Resource Development (Shuck et al. 2016). In this paper, the author had explored the job demands by using resource model of engagement through critical lenses of privilege and power. In other words, the deconstruction of the privilege and power of employee engagement widely focus on the principles such as who are responsible for controlling the context of work, determining the experience of appointment, defining the value of engagement and remuneration from the high levels of meeting. In this article, it requires to use critical theory perspective, as it will help in understanding the changes in how people react and interact or network for social theorizing (Lee and Turner 2014). The researcher needs to focus on use of intensive case study that will help in comparing the cases by using formal models. There have been various issues that are highlighted in the article by the author regarding the issues of inequality for Management and Human Resource expansion. This means people are not given equal rights in an organization that leads to inequality such as difference in race, creed and religion. These differences should not be created in an organization as all are equal and have the same rights and values when they work for any particular organization (Henry et al. 2015). Demonstrating the ability for recognizing the different assumptions made by modernist and critical theorist writings- Ontological takes into consideration ones view on reality and is the starting points that likely lead to own theoretical structure (Hearn 2016). Ontology is the study of claims and assumptions that are made from nature of communal reality, claims about what exists, what it looks like as well as how these units interact with one another. Person who studies ontology takes into account the matter that actually exist in the society as a whole. In this study, the selection is made of analyzing the ontological assumptions on the topic of inequality in an organization (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). This method has been used for the study as it set out clear relationship when a researcher thinks can be researched connecting it with the topic on inequality in an organization. These assumptions will inform the epistemological assumptions while collecting the data for study in the near future. Modernist theory paradigm of an organization majorly identifies the five core elements of an organization such as technology, social structure, environment as well as physical structure and organizational culture as a whole. In this, environment is composed of discretely identifiable players or stakeholders as it gets fit between the organization and its environment (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). In addition, technology is considered as the process that converts inputs to products and services or outputs in the transformation process that takes place in an organization. This is one of the theories that underpin the biological concept of various integration for justifying the social structure within an organization that is represented by hierarchy in the most appropriate way (Gray Adams and Owen 2014). Education research from the critical theory perspective challenges the reproduction of inequalities. It is too technological and concerned with competence as well as reasonableness of design that will be done by neglecting the social inequalities and issues of power. This reveals the fact that researchers should be looking for the political as well as financial foundations of constructing the information, teaching and curriculum (Fowler 2013). In an organization, this theory plays an important role as explicit part by constructing the facts based power on society. This help in understanding the interests of those who have power. It is essential for reducing the inequality in an organization and maintains the status quo at the same time. Comparison between modernist and critical theories perspective - On comparison between Modernist and critical theories perspectives, it has been noted that critical theories perspective is more effective than modernist theory (Sieben, Braun and Ferreira 2016). This is for the reason as Critical theory perspective assumes that social reality defines from persons who live in a society. This means social reality is socially constructed with the help of media, society and institutions. Hence, communal behavior is the major result of exacting illegitimate, oppressive factors as well as dominatory as it is not operated in general interest of a single person group, freedom and power. Modernist perspective had been criticized on the grounds as it fails to provide clear possible idea knowledge by any means. In case the researcher falsified an assumption without even affirming it, then also the research is objective as well as reflects social reality. This perspective lacks objectivity while c onducting any research (Dorling and Dorling 2015). This theory has behavioral uniformities but they are not evident among other entities and illusion of social construction. How both the selected perspectives deals with inequality- Critical theory perspective deals with inequality in terms of ownership of wealth as well as controlling the material possessions (Armingeon and Schdel 2015). It is considered as a simple view where other forms of equality are experienced in the society. Inequality has been described power that has the ability in influencing others that claimed that power and had number of sources like ownership of land and capital, physical strength as well as social status and education at the same time. It requires viewing at the stratification in terms of relationship between classes, party and status. This means status is related with the inequality that is to do with the way where people judge and relate to each other. On the contrary, class relates with inequality that have their sources in the workings of capitalism as well as marketplace. Status is the form of tendency where people judge each other. Some of the values has some feature s and despise others (Cingano 2015). Conclusion On critical analysis, it has been noted that the managers should use critical theory perspective so that they can reduce the organizational problems that rises from inequality. Organization should focus on attributes such as HR practices as well as other closely related organizational structures, practices and process. It is advisable to the organization to undertake multifaceted approach as it is consistent with the model whereby inequality can be reduced to large extent. It requires exploring the nature of inequality that prevails in an organization. It is the responsibility of the HR managers for looking into the matter and mange the workforce in an effective way. HR Managers should bring out set of policies as well as events enacted by managers and supervisors without any type of formal teaching. HR managers should believe in bringing uniformity at workplace where each employee will be treated with equality. They should access the employees and value their work by giving reward a nd recognition for the hardworking and sincere employees. 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